Vulnerabilities, Resilience and Rights of Children

Question 1

why are children more vulnerbale to negative circumstances than adults?

Answer 1

they have immature developmental status
not have same social, economic, political and legal power as adults
child is dependent on others that can neglect them

Question 2

what are the main vulnerabilities or risk factors

Answer 2

family influences; maltreatment; poverty; AIDS; suicide; community violence; death; age-related reactions to trauma

Question 3

how does an emotionally supportive family benefit a child’s well-being?

Answer 3

better school performance; self-esteem; reduction in behavioral problems; vitality; lower stress, better deal with crisis

Question 4

what are the factors that influence a childs’reaction to their parent’s divorce?

Answer 4

degree of conflict before and after divorce
stability after divorce
nature of parent-child relationship
the age of the child
level of social support
info given to the child
uniqueness of the child
gender of child

Question 5

what are a few suggestion for parents to help child through a divorce?

Answer 5

shield from conflict; provide familiartity; esxplain divorce; permanenece of divorce; rspond to feeling sympathically; authoritive parenting; promote relationship with both parents

Question 6

what stressors does children from single-parent relationships experience?

Answer 6

discipline adjustments
uncertainity about future
financial stress

Question 7

what are the consequences for adopted children who were neglected by biological parents?

Answer 7

maladpative outcomes, emotional problems, learning difficulties, aggression, drug abuse, difficulty at age of adoption older

Question 8

what is cross-racial/ transracial/interrectial addoptions and why is it increasing in SA?

Answer 8

adoption of children of one race by parent of another race

due to HIV/AIDS pandemic

Question 9

what is the contact theory regarding prejudice?

Answer 9

increased contact between members of diff groups can reduce prejudice and improve intergroup attitudes if it meets equal status, goals, cooperation

Question 10

what is child-headed households and what is the most NB contributor?

Answer 10

all members in house in younger than 18, parents are absent (does or not receive support from other family)
AIDS

Question 11

what are the psychological effects on children raised by homosexual parents?

Answer 11

no more likely to become homos than other raised by heterosexual parents
better in all aspects compared to other- social skills, emotional problems
fewer problems than child who lives with single parent
homos parents just as stable as heterose parents
relationship between homos parents same qualit

Question 12

what is the diff between children OF and ON the streets

Answer 12

OF- no fam support- live and work on street 24/7

ON-work on street and spend time- return to families at night

Question 13

physical/emotional/educational neglects

Answer 13

P- not good supervision or provide care
E- basic psych needs not met- no affection or there is conflict
Educ- not allow child school

Question 14

what is the consequences of denying racism in SA?

Answer 14

deprives them of resources

children internalise negative representations of themselves- unhealthy sense of self

Question 15

what are the consequences of children who live in poverty?

Answer 15

health problems- unadequate access to healtcare- vulnerable to illness
less educ stimulation- lower IQ
harsh discipline from parents- without reasoning that is suppose to stimulate critical thinking
family in poverty- irratable, hostile, negative- not psych wellbeing
emotional and social problems

Question 16

what is the causes of substance abuse?

Answer 16

genetics
sensation-seeking
escape emot problems- low-self esteem- seek identity
poor family support
peer pressure- false self conviction (everyone else does it)

Question 17

what is the impact of HIV/AIDS of childrens development

Answer 17

changes in family composition
role changes
education
stigma
traumatic exposure to suffering or death
emotional deprivation
economic decline
mental health

Question 18

what are the factors that lead to suicide?

Answer 18

mental health
genetics
homosexual and abuse children
troubled family relationships
stressful and truamatic life events

Question 19

what are the factors that affects chidren response to violence?

Answer 19

nature of violence; duration and intensity; involvement n violence; mental health history; childs age; childs gender’ childs temperament; social support; past exposure; academic performance; socio-economic status; chils appraisel of violnec; childs experience of hope

Question 20

explain how children view death from different ages

Answer 20

0-2= not recognise death but feel loss, respond to adults emotions- look for caregivers- distressed- still developing death awareness
3-5= believe deceased continue to live- sense parents emotions
age 6-9= curios about death- ghosts- eldery but not their family members
10-18= death is inevitable- death is final- judged by peers nb- not want to express sad feelings

Question 21

how does reactions to trauma differ in children?

Answer 21

reaction may differ from child to child
traumatised children show dfferent symptoms
reaction may not occur immediatly after tramatic event- no spesific period to show trauma- sleeper effect
reaction to trauma vary because of age

Question 22

explain the reaction to trauma in the 4 different age groups

Answer 22

infancy= sensitive to environment- react to loud noises or visual images of trauma- affect need fot attachment- domestic violnec- cry exessively and eat and sleep problems
early childhood= can develop unhealthy ways to express emotions- confused about mixed messages of violence- fear of abadonment- clingging- regressive behavior
middle chilhood= problems more obvious- lack of concentration or attention and academic performance- poor social skills and aggression- confused about right/wrong- talk about trauma too much or do it in play
adolescence= more prominent exessive problems- act out- risky behavior- meaning and purpose in life intensifies- depression

Question 23

what are the characteristics of relilient children?

Answer 23

personal= cog, positive, easy temperamnet; meaning in life; talents, humor; appeal to others; self-esteem; control over life; achievments; espress emotions; see other perspectives

family= parents involved; socioeconomic advantage; faith and religious; stable and supportive homes

community= quality neighborhood; effective school; employment oppertunities; healtcare; role-models; protective child policies, protection against violence

Question 24

what ar efactors that break down resilience in children?

Answer 24

unacceptable punihsmnet; belittle child, overprotective; overempasise obiedence; not discuss sexuality; not provide oppertunity to ask questions and solve problems

Question 25

what are strategies that enhance resilience in children?

Answer 25

establish positive relationships
make sense of experiences
have control over experiences
routine
not overreact
self-esteem and efficiacy
sense of humour
talk about feelings

Question 26

what are the 4 core human rights by the UN convention?

Answer 26

right to survival
right to develop to fullest
right to be protected from harm
right to participate fully in family, social, cultural

Question 27

what are the 4 principles of the UN conventions?

Answer 27

non-discrimination
best interest of child
right to live, survive, develop
respect views of child