Vulnerabilities, Resilience and Rights of Children Flashcards
why are children more vulnerbale to negative circumstances than adults?
they have immature developmental status
not have same social, economic, political and legal power as adults
child is dependent on others that can neglect them
what are the main vulnerabilities or risk factors
family influences; maltreatment; poverty; AIDS; suicide; community violence; death; age-related reactions to trauma
how does an emotionally supportive family benefit a child’s well-being?
better school performance; self-esteem; reduction in behavioral problems; vitality; lower stress, better deal with crisis
what are the factors that influence a childs’reaction to their parent’s divorce?
degree of conflict before and after divorce stability after divorce nature of parent-child relationship the age of the child level of social support info given to the child uniqueness of the child gender of child
what are a few suggestion for parents to help child through a divorce?
shield from conflict; provide familiartity; esxplain divorce; permanenece of divorce; rspond to feeling sympathically; authoritive parenting; promote relationship with both parents
what stressors does children from single-parent relationships experience?
discipline adjustments
uncertainity about future
financial stress
what are the consequences for adopted children who were neglected by biological parents?
maladpative outcomes, emotional problems, learning difficulties, aggression, drug abuse, difficulty at age of adoption older
what is cross-racial/ transracial/interrectial addoptions and why is it increasing in SA?
adoption of children of one race by parent of another race
due to HIV/AIDS pandemic
what is the contact theory regarding prejudice?
increased contact between members of diff groups can reduce prejudice and improve intergroup attitudes if it meets equal status, goals, cooperation
what is child-headed households and what is the most NB contributor?
all members in house in younger than 18, parents are absent (does or not receive support from other family)
AIDS
what are the psychological effects on children raised by homosexual parents?
no more likely to become homos than other raised by heterosexual parents
better in all aspects compared to other- social skills, emotional problems
fewer problems than child who lives with single parent
homos parents just as stable as heterose parents
relationship between homos parents same qualit
what is the diff between children OF and ON the streets
OF- no fam support- live and work on street 24/7
ON-work on street and spend time- return to families at night
physical/emotional/educational neglects
P- not good supervision or provide care
E- basic psych needs not met- no affection or there is conflict
Educ- not allow child school
what is the consequences of denying racism in SA?
deprives them of resources
children internalise negative representations of themselves- unhealthy sense of self
what are the consequences of children who live in poverty?
health problems- unadequate access to healtcare- vulnerable to illness
less educ stimulation- lower IQ
harsh discipline from parents- without reasoning that is suppose to stimulate critical thinking
family in poverty- irratable, hostile, negative- not psych wellbeing
emotional and social problems
what is the causes of substance abuse?
genetics
sensation-seeking
escape emot problems- low-self esteem- seek identity
poor family support
peer pressure- false self conviction (everyone else does it)
what is the impact of HIV/AIDS of childrens development
changes in family composition role changes education stigma traumatic exposure to suffering or death emotional deprivation economic decline mental health
what are the factors that lead to suicide?
mental health genetics homosexual and abuse children troubled family relationships stressful and truamatic life events
what are the factors that affects chidren response to violence?
nature of violence; duration and intensity; involvement n violence; mental health history; childs age; childs gender’ childs temperament; social support; past exposure; academic performance; socio-economic status; chils appraisel of violnec; childs experience of hope
explain how children view death from different ages
0-2= not recognise death but feel loss, respond to adults emotions- look for caregivers- distressed- still developing death awareness
3-5= believe deceased continue to live- sense parents emotions
age 6-9= curios about death- ghosts- eldery but not their family members
10-18= death is inevitable- death is final- judged by peers nb- not want to express sad feelings
how does reactions to trauma differ in children?
reaction may differ from child to child
traumatised children show dfferent symptoms
reaction may not occur immediatly after tramatic event- no spesific period to show trauma- sleeper effect
reaction to trauma vary because of age
explain the reaction to trauma in the 4 different age groups
infancy= sensitive to environment- react to loud noises or visual images of trauma- affect need fot attachment- domestic violnec- cry exessively and eat and sleep problems
early childhood= can develop unhealthy ways to express emotions- confused about mixed messages of violence- fear of abadonment- clingging- regressive behavior
middle chilhood= problems more obvious- lack of concentration or attention and academic performance- poor social skills and aggression- confused about right/wrong- talk about trauma too much or do it in play
adolescence= more prominent exessive problems- act out- risky behavior- meaning and purpose in life intensifies- depression
what are the characteristics of relilient children?
personal= cog, positive, easy temperamnet; meaning in life; talents, humor; appeal to others; self-esteem; control over life; achievments; espress emotions; see other perspectives
family= parents involved; socioeconomic advantage; faith and religious; stable and supportive homes
community= quality neighborhood; effective school; employment oppertunities; healtcare; role-models; protective child policies, protection against violence
what ar efactors that break down resilience in children?
unacceptable punihsmnet; belittle child, overprotective; overempasise obiedence; not discuss sexuality; not provide oppertunity to ask questions and solve problems
