Middle childhood: Personality development Flashcards
what are the 4 personality development theories?
biological; social learning; ethological; cognitive development approach
how does temperament shape a child’s personality?
influence how others treat them
type of environment they seek out
what is the stage that Freud refers to of children between 6-12 years, and what is the stage Erikson refers it to?
Freud- Latency stage (rperess sexual desired to form relationship with same sex gender)
Erikson- industry (resolved crisis give feeling of competance) vs inferiority (little ability in skills)
what is competance and in what 4 stages does children develop it?
demonstarting a pattern of effective adaption to the environment.
Adjusting to school- 1st test to see if they fit social structure
Establishing to peer relationships
Learning to play by the rules
Achieving academically- effect perception on competance
what factors contribute to sense of industry and competance in middle childhood?
positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishments, prosocial, moral and value frameworks, moral responsibility, ability to regulate emotions and relationships
3 ways self-understanding takes place in middle childhood?
describe themselves in psychological traits
compare characteristics with peers not absolute terms
speculate about causes of own strenghts and weaknesses
what factors are responsible for shifts in self-concepts during middle childhood?
cognitive development influence structure (ability to combine experiences and behaviors into psychological characteristics) and content of self (cognitive capacities and social feedback)
what is self-efficacy?
people’s beliefs about their capabilities to perform well, confidence in ability to control events- perceptions of their ability to reach spesific goal
how can childrens self-esteem be increased?
identify causes of low self-esteem, help child achieve, help children cope, emotional support, avoid too much boosting of self-esteem
what are some emotional developments that take place during middle childhood?
understand more complex emotions, understand more than 1 emotion can be expressed, aware of events thta lead to certain emotions, conceal negative emotions, understand facial expressions, learn difference betweeen expressed and felt emotions, can redirect feelings, understand cognition in emotion
what is the most used coping strategy to fearful events for children between 5-7?
social/spiritual support- tell mom/ pray
what is Emotional Intellegance and what are the 4 main areas it involves?
form of social intellegance that involves the ability to monitor ones and other feelings and emotions, to discriminate between them ans use the information to guide thinking and actions. 4 areas:
Developing emotional awareness- seperate feelings from actions
Managing emotions- control anger
Reading emotions- takin perspective of others
Handling relationships- solve relationships problems
what do they children with skills in EI seem to do?
better physical health (intense emotions like stress lower immunity); better academically; get along with friends; fewer behavioral problems; respect for emotions; improved self-worth and self-acceptance; better decision-making and better coping and survival skills
how to improve child’s EI?
aware of emotions; recognise emotion as teaching oppertunity; talk about emotions; help label emotions; encorage them to act on initial feeling; set limits on what behavior is acceptable-appropriate outlets
what are the criticisms of EI?
not new concept; not easy to measure due to different viewpoints; not easy to internalise, controversy around the role of variables like gender and culture on EI
