Vowel Sandhi 3.2.4.: Sandhi of final complex vowels

Question 1

General rule:

Answer 1

The complex vowels e, ai, o and au will break down into their constituent simple vowels when followed by any vowel, including themselves. In general, the second simple vowel then drops and hiatus remains (with some exceptions)

Question 2

1. -e + any vowel (except a-)
2. -e + a-

Answer 2

1. -e + any vowl (except a-) -> -a hiatus (written apart)

vane āgamat -> vana āgamat
gurave eva -> gurava eva

2. -e + a- -> e ‘-(agrahava) (without a)
   sarve aha -> sarve ‘ha

Question 3

-ai + any vowel

Answer 3

-ai + any vowel -> -ā
tasmai ubhau -> tasmā ubhau

Question 4

-o + any vowel (except a-)

-o + a-

Answer 4

-o + any vowel -> a
bhikṣo ehi -> bhikṣa ehi

-o + a- -> -o + ‘avagraha (without a)
śatro aham -> śatro ̍ham

Question 5

-au + any vowel

Answer 5

-au + any vowel -> -āv (written together in devanAgarI)
munau aśaknot -> munāvaśaknot
tau ubhau -> tāvubhau