External consonant sandhi 3.3.4: uncommon final consonants

Question 1

Uncommon consonant endings are…

Answer 1

k, ṭ, p, ṅ, ṇ

Question 2

Final k, ṭ, p before unvoiced or voiced consonants/vowels

Answer 2

-k/ ṭ/p follow the same rule as -t: they stay unvoiced when juxtaposed with unvoiced consonants.
With voiced cons. and vowels they become voiced:
vāk arthau -> vāgarthau

Question 3

Final k, ṭ, p before any nasel

Answer 3

-k/ ṭ/p + nasal-> they become their class nasal
vāk nama -> vāṅnāma

Question 4

Final k, ṭ, p before h

Answer 4

-k/ ṭ/p + h change to g, ḍ, and b and h changes to gh, ḍh and bh
vāk hi -> vāgghi

Question 5

Final ṇ and ṅ

Answer 5

Final ṇ and ṅ remain unchanged in all cases except where they are preceded by a short vowel and come into contact with any vowel. In this case: final ṇ and ṅ double
udaṅ apatat -> udaṅṅapatat