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A level politics > Voting behaviour and the media > Flashcards

Voting behaviour and the media Flashcards

1
Q

What are social factors?

A

class, age, gender, ethnicity, geographic region

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2
Q

What impact do social factors have on social factors?

A

Positions target policies to key groups in order to win an election

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3
Q

What is AB classification?

A

higher professional occupations

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4
Q

What is C1 classification?

A

professional occupation

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5
Q

What is C2 classification?

A

skilled manual occupation

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6
Q

What is DE classification?

A

semi-skilled, unskilled and unemployed

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7
Q

What classes mostly vote conservative?

A

AB and C1

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8
Q

What classes mostly vote labour?

A

C2 and DE

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9
Q

What are floating voters?

A

voters who are aware of the candidates but lack any party anchoring

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10
Q

What classes tend to be floating voters?

A

C1 and C2

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11
Q

What classes do parties aim their manifesto towards and why?

A

C1 and C2, floating voters

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12
Q

% of DE voting for labour in 2017?

A

59%

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13
Q

% of DE voting for labour in 2019?

A

39%

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14
Q

% of AB who voted conservative in 2019?

A

45%

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15
Q

What is class dealignment?

A

Where people no longer vote according to their social class

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16
Q

Who do Liberal Democrat’s appeal to with their c- policy?

A

adopts centrist policy’s - appeals to a wider class base in the centre of society

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17
Q

In which election was social class replaced as a key factor of voting behaviour? and why

A

2019 general election - conservative commitment to brexit

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18
Q

In 2019 what classes voted 41-47% conservative?

A

all - AB, C1, C2,DE

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19
Q

Why is new labour more successful?

A

Prioritised AB and C1 voters

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20
Q

Turnout of DE voters in 2019 GE?

A

53%

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20
Q

Turnout of DE voters in 2019 GE?

A

53%

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20
Q

Turnout of DE voters in 2019 GE?

A

53%

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21
Q

Turnout of AB voters in 2019 GE

A

68%

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22
Q

Example of consistant support across all classes

A

Green Party - 2015 GE - all classes between 3/4%

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23
Q

3 reasons why social class does still matter in uk elections

A
  • regional voting reflects wealth and poverty
  • voters identity with a party based on social classes
  • manifestos designed with social class in mind
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24
Q

3 reasons why social class does not matter in uk elections

A
  • major issues are irrespective of class (brexit)
  • working class decline making it less of an electoral force
  • modern parties have to appeal to all classes to be successful
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25
Q

What are core voters?

A

Voters who will invariably support or other of the main parties

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26
Q

What is partisan dealignment?

A

The idea that people are less committed or loyal to one particular party

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27
Q

What is rising p- d-

A

partisan dealignment

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28
Q

Example of targeted votes for women

A

Labour 2015 - woman to woman pink mini bus which visited 75 constituencies to encourage more women to vote

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29
Q

Example of little gender gap in voting

A

2019 general election labour - 31% men and 34% women

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30
Q

Why have women traditionally voted conservative?

A

Social role - seen as the party of housewives which sought to keep prices low so women could run effective homes

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31
Q

Why have women traditionally not voted labour?

A

working class - men - social roles

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32
Q

When was the collapse of Britain’s industrial force?

A

1990’s

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33
Q

What did labour do following the collapse of Britain’s industrial base?

A

Consider a greater range of issues

34
Q

What e- is more widespread across the country

A

Education

35
Q

Example of more of the population accessing higher education after leaving school

A

2017 - 50%

36
Q

Example of people with a degree more likely to vote..

A

Labour - 47% in 2017

37
Q

Example: % of people with no formal qualifications to vote…

A

Labour, 23%

38
Q

More education Education has led to more support for - from working class areas

A

Conservative

39
Q

Example - % of 18-24 year olds to vote conservative inc election yr

A

2019 - 21%

40
Q

Example - % of 65+ year olds to vote conservative inc election yr

A

2019 - 57%

41
Q

Why is age the dividing line in voting behaviour?

A

Britain’s shifting economic position

42
Q

What is the shift in economics? refer to jobs

A

service based jobs to office based jobs

43
Q

3 other reasons why younger people tend to vote labour other than the change in industy

A
  • more progressive
  • as people age they acquire more assets
  • fewer responsibilities - with age become more cautious
44
Q

Due to low turnout of the younger age category, appealing to the older generation is more successful - give an example of this

A

2015 - Ed Miliband proposed to scrap uni fees but limit pension inc - lost election

45
Q

What is BAME?

A

Black Asian and Minority Ethnic

46
Q

2019 BAME election results for labour and conservative

A

Labour - 64%, Conservative - 20%

47
Q

Why may BAME favour labour? Refer to labour and conservative actions

A

historically, immigrants from BAME backgrounds were employed in cities - natural allies of the Labour Party + conservative traditionally anti-immigration

48
Q

Example of traditional conservatives anti immigration approach

A

Powell’s ‘Rivers of Blood Speech’

49
Q

What social class is BAME mostly proportional? And how does this impact how they vote

A

C2 and DE = labour

50
Q

What region of the uk in wealthier

A

South east

51
Q

What region of the uk are in great deprivation?

A

Southwest and north east of England

52
Q

Example - % of voter in the North of England who voted labour - inc year

A

2017 - 53%

53
Q

Example - % of voters in the South of England who voted labour - inc year

A

2017- 29%

54
Q

Example - % of voter in London who voted labour - inc year

A

2017 - 55%

55
Q

What election did voting shift in regional areas? and why?

A

2019 - brexit

56
Q

Example - what election was the turnout of 18-24 year olds -%

A

2019 - 47%

57
Q

Example - what election was the turnout of 65+ year olds -%

A

2019 - 74%

58
Q

3 reasons why young people don’t vote

A
  • apathy
  • alternative ways of participation - protests, petitions, media
  • abstention
59
Q

What is apathy?

A

lack of interest

60
Q

What is Abstention?

A

does not vote because they feel no party is worthy of their support

61
Q

Turnout of 16 and 17 year olds in 2014 Scottish referendum

A

75%

62
Q

3 reasons why individuals cast their vote as they do (voting theories)

A
  • valence
  • rational choice
  • issue-based
63
Q

What is valence voting?

A

chose to vote based on the party or candidate who will run the country the best

64
Q

What do valence voters focus on when looking at the governments competence?

A

Economy

65
Q

Example of valence

A

2008 economic crash and allow large government debt - labour blamed

66
Q

Example of a weak leader - valence

A

Ed Miliband perceived as weak in 2015 GE

67
Q

What is rational choice voting?

A

What is in the voters best interest

68
Q

What do rational choice voters focus on? (2)

A

manifestos and what party will govern the best

69
Q

What is issue voting and e.g?

A

voting on a important single issue - brexit

70
Q

Issue based voting may n- impact the voter, however they do it for the common good

A

negatively

71
Q

3 factors effecting individual voting

A
  • manifestos
  • party leader
  • tactical voting
72
Q

Labour Party 2019 manifesto e,g

A

Abolish tuition fee for university students

73
Q

What is the benefit of precise manifestos?

A

clear for the electorate to convince them it is in their rational interest

74
Q

Link between valence and manifestos

A

Delivering on your manifesto = valence

75
Q

What does a manifesto establish? M-

A

Mandate

76
Q

What is a mandate?

A

Authority to implement its manifesto

77
Q

2 positive impacts of a mandate

A
  • strengthens government - winning party gains legitimacy for its policies
  • hold gov to account with manifesto
78
Q

2 negative impacts of a mandate

A
  • circumstances change - e.g COVID-19
  • manifesto may be vague
  • coalition makes it unclear
  • voters may not agree to entire manifesto but mandate authorises all
79
Q

Example of party leaders popularity not matching election results

A

1979 -Labour James Callaghan was 20% more popular than thatcher in opinion polls but still lost

80
Q

T.V - 2017

A

yes
1. 2017
2. Theresa May didn’t show up to the tv debate and this made her look weak

81
Q

Opinion polls - 2019

A

yes
1. 2019
2. Showed that the results were close
3. influenced peoples urgency to vote
3. conservatives won

82
Q

social media -2017

A

no
1.2017
2. Daddy why do you hate me?
3. funny but didn’t change peoples perspective

83
Q

Print media - 2010

A
  1. 2010
  2. MPs expenses
  3. made people question the legitimacy of the parliament and changed the system

A level politics (32 decks)

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