Voluntary Motion Physiology

Question 1

What area of the brain is responsible for creating a map of the space around you>

Answer 1

Ventral Intraparietal Area (VIP)

Question 2

What area is responsible for refining that map?

Answer 2

F4 (premotor cortex)

Question 3

What area is responsible for creating a map of your body in relation to everything around you?

Answer 3

F2 (premotor cortex)

Question 4

What part of the parietal cortex responds to seeing a graspable object?

Answer 4

PFG/AIP

Question 5

What is the purpose of F5 neurons?

Answer 5

They fire with the GOAL of the action (awareness of goal)

Question 6

What areas of the parietal cortex are required for reaching an object?

Answer 6

VIP, MIP, V6A, PEC

Question 7

What areas of the parietal cortex are required for grasping an object?

Answer 7

AIP, PFG

Question 8

What is the significant function of the dorsal premotor cortex?

Answer 8

Determines whether it is appropriate to move

Question 9

What are the two divisions of the supplemental motor cortex and their functions?

Answer 9

Supplementary motor area: postural control
-organize motor sequences

Pre-supplementary area: plans the motor program required to make the action occur

Question 10

Function of the primary motor cortex

Answer 10

Control of specific movements
Receives sensory information from F4 and F5
*Arranged in columns based on motion that is involved

Question 11

What is the function of the middle portion of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 11

Postural control

Question 12

What is the fxn of the lateral portions of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 12

Force and direction

Question 13

Spinocerebellum Inputs

Answer 13

Efferent copy, vestibular, hearing, auditory input

Question 14

Spinocerebellum Outputs

Answer 14

Interpositive and Fastigial nuclei

Question 15

Cerebrocerebellum Inputs

Answer 15

Cerebral Cortex

Question 16

Cerebrocerebellum Outputs

Answer 16

Cerebral cortex, Dentate nucleus

Question 17

Vestibulocerebellum Input

Answer 17

Vestibular apparatus

Question 18

Vestibulocerebellum Output

Answer 18

Fastigial nucleus, vestibular nucleus

Question 19

What dopamine receptors are involved in the direct pathway of voluntary motion?

What is the impact of dopamine?

Answer 19

D1

Dopamine will excite them, allowing motion

Question 20

What dopamine receptors are involved in the indirect pathway of voluntary motion?

What is the impact of dopamine?

Answer 20

D2

Dopamine will inhibit them, inhibiting motion
* They will be excited by EAA/Ach

Question 21

What is the net result of indirect/direct pathways when we want to move?

Answer 21

Decreased GABA in the thalamus –> production of motion

Question 22

What is the purpose of alpha-gamma coactivation

Answer 22

uses gamma motor neurons to trick the spindle into thinking that the length has changed, so that it doesn’t every motion that is intentional