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Neuro I | Test 3 > Autonomics of Head, Neck, Bladder > Flashcards

Autonomics of Head, Neck, Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

What NT and receptor are found on all preganglionic neurons?

A

ACh

nAChR

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2
Q

What NT does sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and vessels

A

ACh

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3
Q

Where are the ganglia of sympathetic neurons found?

A

Paravertebral

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4
Q

Where are the ganglia of parasympathetic neurons found?

A

Close to target organs

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5
Q

What portion of the brainstem is responsible for the baroreceptor reflex?

A

Rostral ventrolateral medulla

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6
Q

What structure do preganglionic sympathetic fibers use to enter the sympathetic chain?

A

White rami communicantes

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7
Q

How to postganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the sympathetic trunk?

A

Grey rami communicantes (on top of arteries, i.s. periarterial plexus)

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8
Q

Where in the brainstem do parasympathetic outputs originate?

A

Preganglionic neurons in the GVE column of brainstem

Travel with 3, 7, 9, 10 CN

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9
Q

What CN’s are associated with Edinger Westphal?

What is the fxn of this ganglia?

A

CN 2, 3

Accomodation

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10
Q

What CN’s are associated with the Superior Salivatory Nucleus?

What is the fxn of this ganglia?

A

CN 7

Salivary gland

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11
Q

What CN is associated with the Inferior Salivatory Nucleus?

Fxn of this nucleus?

A

CN 9

Innervation to parotid gland

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12
Q

What CN is associated with the Dorsal nucleus of vagus?

Fxn of this nucleus?

A

CN 10

Output to vsiceral organs

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13
Q

Pathway of pupillary light reflex?

A 
Afferents: CN 2
Synapse at: Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Efferents: CN 3
Synapse at: Ciliary ganglion
Result: Accommodation; sphincter papillary constrictor M.
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14
Q

Where will preganglionic fibers of CN VII synapse before going to the lacrimal gland?

A

Sphenopalatine ganglion

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15
Q

Where will preganglionic fibers of CN VII synapse before going to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Submandibular ganglion

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16
Q

Where will preganglionic fibers of CN IX synapse before going to the parotid gland?

A

Otic ganglion

17
Q

Where will preganglionic fibers of CN X synapse before going to viscera?

A

Scattered ganglia along the neck

18
Q

Where are the three lesions that can cause Horners?

A
  1. Central Lesion = Lateral brainstem/ Upper CSC
  2. Preganglionic Lesion = Sympathetic chain
    * Pancoast tumor at apex of the lung
  3. Postganglionic Lesion = Superior Cervical Ganglion
    * Cavernous Sinus, Artery dissections
19
Q

What sx of Horner’s will be seen in patients with a Central Lesion?

A

Anhidrosis

Pupil dilation in response to NOR release

20
Q

What sx. of Horner’s will be seen in patients with a pre-ganglionic Lesion?

A

Anhidrosis
Pupil dilation in response to NOR release
(same as a central lesion)

21
Q

What sx. of Horner’s will be seen in patients with a post-ganglionic Lesion?

A

Normal sweating

Exaggerated pupil dilation with direct alpha-agonists

22
Q

What do carotid sinus vs. aortic arch respond to in the baroreceptor reflex?

A

Carotid sinus = Increase + Decrease arterial pressure

Aortic arch = Increased arterial pressure only

23
Q

Result of an increase in blood pressure?

A
  1. Increase in stretch of baroreceptor reflex
  2. Nucleus Solitarius of Medulla
  3. Nucleus Ambiguous
  4. Inhibition of rostral ventrolateral medulla (less sympathetic information)
  5. Decrease in BP
24
Q

Result of decrease in blood pressure?

A
  1. Decreased stretch of baroreceptor reflex
  2. Baroreceptor afferents decrease
  3. Less inhibition of Rostral ventrolateral medulla (more sympathetic information)
  4. Increase in BP
  5. More blood shunted to brain to prevent syncope
25
Q

What two things must occur in order for micturition to occur?

A
  1. Excite the Sacral Parasympathetic

2. Inhibit the Onuf nucleus

26
Q

What symptoms can occur with a neurogenic bladder?

A

Urinary Incontinence
Urgency
Retention

27
Q

Uninhibited Bladder

A

Medial frontal cortex is inhibit pontine micturition center

Urgency + Incontinence

28
Q

Spastic Bladder

A

Seen in *MS
Lesion between POMC and Sacral Spinal cord
(Detrusor and sphincter are uncoordinated)

Frequency + Incontinence

*Increased intravesical pressure)

29
Q

Flaccid Bladder

A

No micturition reflex; lesion to conus medullaris

Overflow Incontinence + Retention

Neuro I | Test 3 (7 decks)

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