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Neuro I | Test 3 > Visual Tracts (Phys, Tracts, Control of Eye Movements) > Flashcards

Visual Tracts (Phys, Tracts, Control of Eye Movements) Flashcards

1
Q

What fibers target the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus? (Lingual gyrus)

A

Upper quadrant of contralateral hemifields

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2
Q

What is the affect of light on an on-center cell?

Cone stimulation

A

There is less glutamate, and this will cause the cell to depolarize.

Because there is less glutamate, there is less inhibition of the cation influx via the GCPR. The cation influx will continue, unbothered

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3
Q

Purpose of Blobs

A

Color detection

Respond to specific wavelengths of light

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4
Q

What receptors are present in the center of on-center cells?

A

GCPR

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5
Q

Fxn of the dorsal pathway of visual processing

A

“Where” pathway
Passes through V3
Completes motor acts based on visual input

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6
Q

Bipolar cell activation by Rods

A

Rods will converge on an on-center bipolar cell.

Rods also stimulate an amacrine cell, which will hijack the Cone pathway by synapsing on and stimulating ganglion cells.

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7
Q

What is the affect of glutamate on an off-center cell?

Cone stimulation

A

The increased glutamate will bind to the AMPA receptor. This will cause an influx of cations and depolarize the cells

(AMPA is stimulated by glutamate)
Happens in DARK

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8
Q

Where do ganglion cell axons coming from the nasal retina synapse?

A

Layers 1, 4, 6 of CL LGN

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9
Q

Where is the blind spot

A

At the Optic Disk (where retinal axons leave the eye as the optic nerve)

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10
Q

What retinal fields get an image from the RIGHT half of visual field?

A

Nasal aspect of Right retina

Temporal aspect of Left retina

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11
Q

Pathway of smooth pursuit eye movements

A
  1. Parietooccipital jxn
  2. Pontine nuclei
  3. Cross
  4. Flocculonodular Cerebellum
  5. Vestibular Nuclei
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12
Q

Purpose of Ocular dominance columns

A

Eye dominance

Respond to input from either left or right

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13
Q

Fxn of the pretectal area as a visual cortex area

A

pupillary light reflex

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14
Q

What will seizures do to saccadic eye movements?

A

Eyes will deviate away from the gaze center

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15
Q

What Brodmann’s area makes up the primary visual cortex?

A

Area 17

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16
Q

What is the pathway of vision after the bipolar cells are depolarized?

A 
Bipolar cell
Ganglion Cell (stimulated by glutamate)
Optic N.
Optic Chiasm
Optic Tract
Lateral Geniculate Body
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17
Q

V1

A

Primary visual cortex

Edge and contour

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18
Q

Where does the optic tract terminate?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

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19
Q

What receptor type is present in off-center cells?

A

non-NMDA (AMPA)

20
Q

V4

A

Brodmann 19

Color processing

21
Q

What fibers target the superior bank of the calcarine sulcus? (Cuneus)

A

Lower quadrant of contralateral hemifields

22
Q

Fxn of superior colliculus as a visual cortex area

A

Directs eye movements

23
Q

What Brodmann’s area makes up the visual association cortex?

A

Area 18 + 19

24
Q

Three phases of saccadic movements

A

Burst
Tonic
Pause

25
Q

What are the optic radiations?

A

Secondary neuron bundles arising from LGN

26
Q

Purpose of Orientation Columns

A

Angle of image

Respond to various visual line stimuli

27
Q

What retinal fields get an image from the LEFT half of visual field?

A

Nasal aspect of Left retina

Temporal aspect of Right retina

28
Q

V2

A

Brodmann 18

Depth perception

29
Q

BTP of Vertical saccades

A 
Burst = RiMLF
Tonic = Nucleus of Cajal
Pause = omnipause cells of raphe
30
Q

V5

A

Middle Temporal

31
Q

BTP of Horizontal saccades

A 
Burst = PPRF
Tonic = Nucleus prepositus Hypoglossal
Pause = omnipause cells of Raphe
32
Q

What are the Magnocellular layers of the LGN?

A

Layers 1-2

- Have rods; sensitive to moving stimuli

33
Q

What are the Parvocelluar layers of the LGN?

A

Layers 3-6

34
Q

Where do ganglion cell axons coming from the temporal retina synapse?

A

Layers 2,3,5 of IL LGN

35
Q

Glutamate levels in Light

A

Decreased

36
Q

What will destructive lesions do to saccadic eye movements?

A

Eyes will deviate towards the gaze center

37
Q

Glutamate levels in the Dark

A

Increased

38
Q

What is the affect of glutamate on a on-center cell?

Cone stimulation

A

Glutamate will cause the hyperpolarize, by blocking the influx of cations through the GCPR.

So in the dark, these cells will be hyperpolarized due to an increased amount of glutamate

39
Q

What is the affect of light on an off-center cell?

Cone stimulation

A

Because there is light, there is LESS glutamate.

Since AMPA cells function better under the influence of glutamate, their activity will be reduced when there is light.

This means less cation influx, causing the cell to HYPERPOLARIZE

40
Q

What aspect of the optic nerves deccussate at the optic chiasm?

A

Nasal portion of each optic N.

Temporal parts stay IL!

41
Q

Where is the object of attn focused and centered in the eye?

A

Fovea centrals and macula lutea

42
Q

Near Vision Response

A
  1. Contraction of ciliary muscle (suspensory ligament relaxes, lens gets rounder)
  2. Convergence of eyes to point of focus
  3. Pupil constriction (reduces opening for light)
43
Q

Fxn of the ventral pathway of visual processing

A

“What” pathway

Gives us the ability to identify things

44
Q

What fibers make up the Myer’s loop?

A

Fibers running from the upper quadrant of CL hemifields (fibers going inferiorly)

45
Q

V3

A

Brodmann 18

Motion

Neuro I | Test 3 (7 decks)

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