Voluntary Motion Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Striatongial GABA-ergic pathway

Answer 1

axons from the striatum project to the SNPr and the GPi

Presynaptic terminal releases GABA in the SNPR and GPi

inhibition of the neurons in the SNPR and GPi lead to activation of the Thalamus

Direct pathwy

Question 2

When the direct pathway is activated what happens at the thalamus

Answer 2

allows for activation a permission of motion

Question 3

When the Indirect pathway is activated what happens at the thalamus

Answer 3

Does not allow for motion

inhibition of the thalamus

Question 4

What does D1 receptors do and where are they found

Answer 4

Found in the Direct pathway of the Striatum

will cause a EPSP and depolarize (activate) the GABA neurons of the striatum

overall leads to less inhibition of the Thalamus which relays to the cortex to go on with the movement

activation of the direct pathway

Question 5

What does the D2 receptor do and where are they found

Answer 5

Found in the Indirect pathway of the striatum

leads to a IPSP hyperpolarize of these GABA neurons

Overall leads to less excitment of the Gpi therefore more activation of the Thalamus and then leads to muscle activation

Inactivation of the indirect pathway

Question 6

What pathways from the Brain suppress motion

Answer 6

release of EAA from the cortex to the indirect pathway

release of Ach via the Intrastriiatal tract activating the indirect pathway

Question 7

Direct Pathway

Source of Dopamine
Location of Dopaminergic synapse
Receptor on striatal neuron
Effect of Dopamine binding
Overall effect on pathway

Answer 7

SNPC

Striatum

D1

Excitation

Activation from dopamine and now Movement

Question 8

Indirect pathway

Source of Dopamine
Location of Dopaminergic synapse
Receptor on striatal neuron
Effect of Dopamine binding
Overall effect on pathway

Answer 8

SNPC

Striatum

D2

Inhibition

Inhibition therefore movement is achieved

Question 9

Planning for a complex motor action requires

Answer 9

the frontal association area
the supplementary motor cortex
the pre motor cortex
and the cerebrocerebellum

Question 10

What has final say on If the motion will occur

Answer 10

The Basal Ganglia (dopamine levels)

Question 11

To make motion occur when the brain activates UMN what happens with the lower motor neuron

Answer 11

Activates the alpha motor neuron (agonist) also activates the gamma motor neuron (agonist)

Inhibits the alpha motor neuron (antgonist) and inhibits the gamma motor neuron of the (antagonist)