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Neuro Endocrine 2 > Blood supply, hemorrhage and herniation > Flashcards

Blood supply, hemorrhage and herniation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 parts of the Internal Carotid

A

Cervical part: bifurcation to carotid canal, anterior to transverse prcesses of upper 3 vertebrae

Petrous part: carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone, upward and medially above foramen lacerum

Cavernous part: in the cavernous sinus, surrounded by sympathetic plexus, CN III, IV, VI, and V1

Cerebral part

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2
Q

What is the internal carotid A going to supply

A

The anterior portion of the Brain and Eye

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the Vertebral A

A

Cervical part: Transverse foramina of first 6 cervical vertebrae

Atlantic part: Perforates the dura and arachnoid, and passes through the foramen magnum

Intracranial part: In the cranium, unite at the caudal border of pons to form basilar artery

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4
Q

Vertebral basilar Insuficiency

A

Reduced blood flow from the vertebral A

caused from hyperextension of the head or Extreme head rotation (Bowhunters syndrome)

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5
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome

A

signs and symptoms that arise from retrograde (reversed) blood flow in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis (narrowing) and/or occlusion of the subclavian artery

this occurs proximal to where the Vertebral A comes off

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6
Q

Aneurysms in what arteries affect this CN: V

A

Superior cerebellar A, abberant loops in this artery can cause tic douleroux

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7
Q

Aneurysms in what arteries affect this CN: II

A

Internal carotid A

Anterior cerebral A

Anterior communicating A

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8
Q

Aneurysms in what arteries affect this CN: III

A

Posterior cerebral A

Superior Cerebellar A

Posterior communicating A

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9
Q

Aneurysms in what arteries affect this CN: VI

A

Labyrinthine A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A

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10
Q

Aneurysms in what arteries affect this CN: VII

A

Anterior Inferior cerebellar A

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11
Q

Is the Middle Cerebral A a part of the Circle of willis

A

No

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12
Q

what is the significance of Border zones in the cerebral arteries

A

Areas in the brain that are between the locations of what arteries get what

therefore, it is susceptible to damage if there is sudden systematic hypotension or hypofusion

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13
Q

What happens if their is no blood supply to the border zone between Anterior cerebral A and the Middle cerebral artery

A

Sensory and motor defects and laguage and behavioral problems

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14
Q

What happens if their is no blood supply to the border zone between the Middle cerebral A and the Posterior Cerebral A

A

Visual and language problems

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15
Q

What locations does the Anterior Cerebral A supply

A

Supplies most of the medial and superior surface of the frontal and parietal lobes

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16
Q

What does the Middle Cerebral A supply

A

Supplies the lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes and the superior part of the temporal lobe

17
Q

What does the Posterior Cerebral A supply

A

Supplies the occipital lobe and the inferior temporal lobe

18
Q

What are the 5 segments of the Anterior Cerebral A

A

Precommunicating segment: A1
-ICA to anterior communicating a

Infracallosal Segment: A2
-Anterior communicating a to where rostraum and genu of corpus callosum meet up

Precallosal Segment: A3

  • Arches around the genu of corpus callosum, ends when vessels turn caudal
  • Callosomarginal A

Supracallosal: A4

  • Superior to corpus callosum
  • Pericallosal A

Postcallosal: A5
-Caudal to corpus callosum

19
Q

What are the 4 segments of Middle Cerebral A

A

M1: Spenoid or horizontal segment
- ICA to the bifurcation at the insula

M2: Insular segment
-Bifucation at insula to circular sulcus of insula (right angle turn)

M3: Opercular segment
-Circular sulcus of insula to external surface of Lateral Fissure

M4: Cortical segment
-on the cortex

20
Q

What are the 4 segments of the Posterior Cerebral A

A

P1: Basilar bifurication to posterior communicating A

P2: Posterior communicating A to around the midbrain

P3: Quadrigeminal segment
-segment within the quadrigeminal cistern

P4: Cortical segment

  • Parietooccipital artery
  • Calcarine artery
21
Q

What are the main blood supplies to the medulla

A

Anterior spinal Artery: Caudal anterior and medial portions

Posterior spinal arteries: Caudal dorsal region

Vertebral artery: Caudal Anterolateral region

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: Rostral dorsal lateral region

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery: posterior cochlear nucleus

Basilar artery: Rostral Medial and anterior region

22
Q

Specific things Anterior spinal artery supplies

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

Medial Lemniscus

Pyramid

23
Q

Specific things Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A

Accessory cunate nucleus

solitary tract and nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Rubrospinal tract

Anterolateral system

Nucleus ambiguous

24
Q

Blood supply to the pons

A

All branches of Basilar A

25
Q

specific things Paramedian branches of basilar artery

A

Abducens nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasiculus

Abducens nerve

Medial lemniscus

Corticospinal fibers

26
Q

Specific things Long circumferential branches of basilar artery

A

Facial Nerve

Mesencephalic nucleus and tract

Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus

Facial motor nucleus

Anterolateral system in the pons

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Principle sensory nucleus

27
Q

Specific things P1 segment of Posterior Cerebral A

A

Oculomotor nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Red nucleus

some of substantia nigra

medial lemniscus

28
Q

intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Subpial hemorrhagic stroke

only in 2-3 percent of all head injuries

source is usually the middle cerebral A

29
Q

What are causes of Herniation syndromes

A 
Hemorrhage
Mass/tumor
Trauma
Abscess
Infection
Metabolic conditions
30
Q

What are the divisions and compartments in the brain that play a role in herniation syndromes

A

Supratentorial compartment: above the tentorium and divided by a right and left by the falx cerebri

Infratentorial compartment: Below the tentorium cerebelli

Tentorial notch: continuation of the supra and infratentorial compartment

31
Q

Subfalcine Herniation

A

also called a cingulate or facine or falx herniation

occurs in the supratentorial compartment and displaces brain tissue under the falx cerebri

Can compress the Anterior Cerebral A which would affect the frontal and parietal lobe

can evolve into a transtentorial herniation

32
Q

Transtentorial herniation

A

Also called a central herniation

Brain is displaced downward toward the tentorial notch

this will compress the brainstem, CN III and even lower structures
-basilar artery and cerebral arteries

Decorticate ridgity
Decerebrate rigidity

33
Q

Uncal Herniation

A

Uncus and frequently portions of the parahippocampal gyrus are extruded over the edge of tentorium cerebelli and through the tentorial notch

Impinge the midbrain

Affects the cerebral peduncle and Oculomotor

34
Q

Tonsillar herniation

A

Cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum

compression of the medulla and upper cervical spinal cord

35
Q

Blood supply to the internal capsule

A

Lenticulostriate arteries of the middle cerebral artery

Neuro Endocrine 2 (24 decks)

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