Volume 4b Units 3, and 4 Flashcards
What approach does the Air Force (AF) use to manage and control ionizing radiation exposures to the workforce and to the general public by employing methods to keep exposure to a minimum?
As low as reasonably achievable
The inverse square law regarding a person’s exposure to radiation has such an effect that moving away _____
double the distance from a point source reduces the exposure by a factor of 4
Coveralls and gloves will prevent what type of radiation from potentially harming a person’s skin?
Alpha and beta
The primary source for depleted uranium intake by the general public is _____
Food and drinking water
As it decays, depleted uranium particles emit which type(s) of radiation?
Alpha, beta, and gamma
The only documented health effect from exposure to the airborne radon and its decay products are an increased risk of _____
lung cancer
As it decays, radon gas emits which type(s) of radiation?
Alpha, beta and gamma
What is radioactive fallout?
Clouds of fine radioactive dust particles and debris
Who on your base coordinates recycling and disposal requests for radioactive waste?
Installation radiation safety officer (IRSO)
What section recycles and disposes of radioactive waste and mixed waste generated by Air Force (AF) operations?
Air Force Radioactive Recycle and Disposal (AFRRAD) office
Which process does nuclear fission involve?
Splitting the nucleus of an atom into smaller fragments
In a hydrogen bomb, two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are fused to form a _____
Nucleus of helium and a neutron
Within figure 4–7 of the text, what percentage accounts for blast effects in the overall effects of a surface nuclear detonation?
50%
What percentage of the energy from a nuclear explosion is made up of an intense burst of thermal radiation?
35%
The major incendiary effect of nuclear explosions is caused by the _____
Blast wave
Approximately what percentage of total radioactivity does fallout contain?
60%
What is the difference between a neutron bomb and a standard nuclear weapon?
The primary lethal effects come from the radiation damage caused by the neutrons a neutron bomb emits
Which type of nuclear weapon is fission-based and has a plutonium (Pu) core?
Implosion-type nuclear bomb
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) from a high altitude burst is a ______
Single pulse of energy that disappears in a fraction of a second
Which is not generally considered a secondary hazard of nuclear weapons?
Laser radiation
What is a radiological exposure device (RED)?
A device intended to expose people to significant doses of ionizing radiation (rad) without their knowledge
During a non-radiological (secondary) hazards to nuclear weapons include, _____
The shock, heat and friction created can cause other high explosive material to detonate
Which of the following would be categorized as a Bent Spear?
a. The forcible, unauthorized seizure of a nuclear weapon.
b. An accidental or unauthorized launch of a nuclear weapon.
c. An unfavorable environment or condition resulting in damage to the nuclear weapon.
d. A non-nuclear detonation or burning of a nuclear weapon or radiological nuclear weapon component
d. A non-nuclear detonation or burning of a nuclear weapon or radiological nuclear weapon component
During a military response to a radiological accident, who is the primary radiological health and safety advisor to the military on-scene commander (OSC)?
Bioenvironmental engineering (BE)
The accidental or unauthorized launching by United States (US) forces of a nuclear-capable weapon system is referred to with the flagword ______
Broken Arrow
Bioenvironmental engineering (BE) personnel have been given the task of monitoring the contamination levels on the ground in and around a Broken Arrow. Preliminary results from ambient air monitoring indicate the airborne concentration of Alpha activity is 525 disintegrations per minute per centimeters cubed (dpm/m3) above background. As an entry team leader, what respiratory protection level should be recommended?
Full-face high-efficiency particulate air, absorbing, or arrestance (HEPA) respirator
What types of clothing provide some protection from contamination and can be worn in lieu of special anticontamination clothing during an emergency?
Civilian work clothes or military fatigues
The primary treatment for internal contamination is to increase the rate of elimination of the radioactive isotope. How can this be done?
Mechanical means
When performing external decontamination of patients at the site, what should be done to ensure contamination is not spread?
Remove all contaminated clothing
Medical countermeasures that are approved to treat known or suspected internal contamination with plutonium (Pu), americium or curium are known as:
Chelating agents
After determining that skin contamination has occurred in a radiological incident, where should medical personnel concentrate their attention to thoroughly remove contamination?
Wounds
To reduce the amount of radiological contamination to instruments, bioenvironmental engineering (BE) personnel can place plastic bags over radioactivity detection identification and computation (RADIAC) meters, except for what types of survey instrument probes?
Alpha
When surveying a fatality using radiological decontamination techniques, if it is observed that the contamination cannot be removed from the body, what should be the next
course of action?
Isolate or shield the body
When recommending contamination control procedures for deceased personnel, make sure that decontamination procedures and remains are handled ______
With dignity
What agency has established guidance on acceptable levels of radioactive contamination in food?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
What should you do if you need to conduct water sampling when responding to a short duration emergency operation?
Consult the Air Force Radiation Assessment Team (AFRAT)
What step in the sampling strategy process is used to comply with regulatory requirements or to identify an associated risk to a satisfactory level?
Type of analysis
A long-term increase in the likelihood of radiation-related diseases is caused by the inhalation of what type of emitters?
Alpha
Radiation exposure status (RES) is a system for categorizing a unit’s radiation exposure level and provides guidance for protection and surveillance actions. If a person is placed in RES category R1C, what actions or tasks can they accomplish?
Priority tasks only
What plotting program is widely used for initial emergency assessment or safety analysis planning?
Hotspot
When documenting hazards encountered, protective measures taken, doses received, and decontamination performed for an occupational and environmental health site assessment
(OEHSA), what Air Force (AF) guidance should be referenced?
AFMAN 48–145, Occupational and Environmental Health
What Air Force guidance document requires data to be maintained in the approved bioenvironmental engineering (BE) management information system Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System-Incident Reporting (DOEHRS–IR) for radiation?
Air Force Instruction (AFI) 48–145, Occupational and Environmental Health Program
