Volume 1: Unit 3 Flashcards
The purpose of the plasma membrane is to ______
Separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment
The part of the cell which houses the functions for cell expansion, growth, and replication to be carried out is known as the _______
Cytoplasm
The types of cells that are most affected by exposure to ionizing radiation are those that _________
Reproduce rapidly
Which type of tissue is tightly packed together and serves as an interface tissue?
Epithelial
Which type of tissue is highly cellular and well supplied with blood vessels?
Nervous
Considered the innermost layer of the eye, the membrane upon which images are received is known as the _____
Retina
What tissue type is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activites?
Nervous
Ultraviolet radiation can create a photochemical reaction in the very outside layer of the eye, killing cells there. What is the probable potential effect of the overexposure?
Sunburned Eyeballs
The Eustachian tube is critical to the functioning of the ear because it _____
Provides a means of equalizing pressure
The organ of Corti is critical to the functioning of the ear because it ______
Serves as a receptor for hearing
Nearly every known variety of germs are prevented from passing through the skin’s surface due to the ______
Overlapping arrangement of epidermal cells
The main function of the bones within the human body is what?
Provide a framework that supports and protects soft organs of the body
When the Skin gets cold heat is conserved when the body does what?
Constricts capillaries to reduce the amount of blood at the skin’s surface
What is the function of the red marrow of the bones?
Form red and white blood cells and blood platelets
The most radiation-sensitive cells in the body are in bone marrow: as a result, when they are exposed to intense radiation, ________
normal replacement of circulating blood cells is impaired
The muscular system is comprised of specialized cells called muscle fibers with the chief function of _____
contractibility
Define how smooth muscles function
By contracting slowly and rhythmically
What two major body systems work together to allow the body to regulate and maintain homeostasis?
Nervous and endocrine
While central systems stimulants excite acetylcholine production, cholinesterase appropriately neutralizes this effect; however, a nerve agent stimulant that inhabits cholinesterase is known as ______
organophosphate
What is the main function of the central nervous system?
Serves as the major signal receptor and integration site
What two major body systems work together in the regulation of body activities?
Endocrine and Nervous
Within the nervous system, highly specialized nerve cells that function by conducting nerve impulses are known as what?
Neurons
What is considered the master gland because of the effect it has on other glands?
Pituitary
The alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete the hormone glucagon in response to a ____
Low concentration if glucose in the blood
What is the primary function of capillaries within the cardiovascular system?
Facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells
If the heart is the organ that keeps the blood moving through the vessels, what is the transport medium?
Blood
Because the walls of veins are thinner and less rigid than artieries, veins can ____
Hold more blood
When fluid is prevented from returning to the capillaries and accumulates in tissue spaces, what is the result?
Edema
What is the primary function of mature lymphocytes within the lymphatic system?
Defense against disease
What two systems work together to supply oxygen and remove waste products from the body?
Circulatory and respiratory
What body system is considered the major entry mode for toxic substances?
Respiratory
What condition best illustrate an exaggerated immune response?
Hypersensitivity
Within the digestive system food is broken down until the molecules are small enough to be absorbed and waste products are ________
Eliminated
If the toxic substances such as heavy metals or halogenated hydrocarbons are not filtered out of the body and become concentrated, damage can be caused to the _____
Kidneys
What is one of the major functions of the urinary system?
Maintain normal potential of pH levels within the blood
What is the possible effect on the reproductive systems if there is an overexposure to ionizing radiation?
Genetic Mutations
