Volume 4b Unit 1 Flashcards
What is another name for the electromagnetic force that causes protons to tear apart the nucleus of the atom during the process of radioactive decay?
Coulomb (C)
Which statement best describes an alpha particle?
Heavy and Slow
Which particle is considered the most ionizing?
Alpha
In beta plus (β+) decay, the parent nucleus changes a _____
Proton into a neutron and gives off a positively charged particle
What can be used to classify a neutron?
Speed
What is the process by which an alpha particle gains kinetic energy?
Bremsstrahlung
In pair production, a photon disappears with an electron and positron appearing in its place, and the energy left over from the transformation is _____
Shared by the Particles
The linear energy transfer (LET) of a beta particle is lower than that of an alpha particle because of its ______
Smaller Mass and Higher Speed
When comparing the relative toxicity of various radiations, what is the result of a higher rate of linear energy transfer (LET)?
More effective in producing biological damage
Since every isotope decays at a specific rate, the rate of decay (λ) is proportional to the _____
Stability of the nucleus
Which type of ionizing radiation has been found more effective in producing cataracts?
Neutrons
Cells that form which type of tissues are most easily damaged by ionizing radiation?
Reproductive
What types of cells from forming tissue are most easily damaged by ionizing radiation?
Blood
Most biological effects of ionizing radiation that can be directly observed are of which type?
Deterministic
Regarding acute radiation syndrome (ARS), what is the correct order of the body areas damaged as the dose increases?
Hematopoietic, Gastrointestinal (GI), Pulmonary, and Central Nervous System
Which component of an X-ray tube is negatively charged?
Cathode
What role does the collimator play in X-ray production?
Reduces Scatter Radiation
What term is used to identify the area of the target bombarded by electrons at any moment in time in an X-ray machine?
Focal Spot
Within the radioisotope permit program, which of the following is not a type of material that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulates?
Radiological
Who has the broad responsibility of ensuring the receipt, possession, distribution, use, transfer, and disposal of radioactive materials (RAM) within the Air Force?
Air Force Radioisotope Committee (RIC)
Under which radiation permit would an X-ray fluorescence device be covered?
Template
A research and development (R&D) permit is an example of which type of radiation permit?
Non-Template
Who is responsible for ensuring the parameters described within each radiation permit are followed?
Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)
