Volume 1: Unit 4 Flashcards
A material that produces a mutation in known as a mutagen; if the mutation occurs in a germ cell, then the effect ______
Is passed on to the next generation
What term describes the probability a substance will cause harm under specific conditions during use?
Risk
The dose-response relationship illustrates the correlation between the ______
Amount of exposure and the resulting affect
The amount of a chemical dose delivered to an organ is critical in defining its _____
Toxicity
If an organism displays more adverse effects to the same dosage of a chemical over time, then what has the organism become?
Sensitized
Inhaling high levels of carbon monoxide in a short time period would be classified as ______
An acute exposure
Toxicity testing on a uniform group of rats’ results in 40 percent deaths when they receive 10 milligrams of substance per kilogram oral dose of a substance. The 10 mg/kg is called the ______
LD(40)
If you are assessing a shop where workers are exposed to potentially hazardous vapors, then which hazard would you be most concerned with identifying?
Inhalation
Toxic substances that are ingested are generally less harmful than when exposure occurs through routes due to the ______
Alkaline medium if pancreatic juices in the small intestines
If you are assessing a shop where your main concern is the entry of chemicals through the skin, which hazard are you mainly concerned with identifying?
Absorbtion
How does the action of primary irritant differ from that of a secondary irritant?
Primary irritants exert little or no system toxic action
What best describes the effects of a chemical asphyxiant on the body?
Reduction of the body’s capacity to use oxygen
Which example best describes a chemical that would be classified as a central nervous system depressant?
A) Uranium
B) Hydrogen
C) Acetylene
D) Ethyl Ether
D) Ethyle Ether
Which example best describes a material capable of producing lung tissue damage?
A) Hydrogen cyanide
B) Carbon disulfide
C) Asbestos
D) Mercury
C) Asbestos
A chemical with a boiling point near or below 25 degrees Celsius can be considered a ______
Gas
What is the primary difference between mists and fogs?
Size
Which example best describes how fumes are formed?
A) Incomplete combustion of substances containing carbon
B) Vapor condenses to a tiny solid particle suspended in air
C) Incomplete combustion of substances containing oxygen
D) Liquid condenses to a tiny solid particle suspended in air
B) Vapor condenses to a tiny solid particle suspended in air
Of the solid aerosols, which group has the greatest variety of materials, sizes, shapes, and toxic effects?
Dusts
What is the difference between a mist and a fog?
A mist broadly refers to very small droplets generated from the liquid state by spraying or splashing;
however, a fog is composed of still smaller droplets
