volcanic terraine Flashcards

1
Q

naturally occuring landform where lave extruded from a magma chamber underground

A

volcano

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2
Q

zone of greatest seismic activity and consists of approximately 75% of the world’s volcano

A

pacific ring of fire (circum-pacific belt)

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3
Q

oceanic-oceanic crust collision

A

volcanic island arc

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4
Q

oceanic-continental crust collision

A

continental volcanic arc

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5
Q

continental-continental crust collision

A

volcanic plateau

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6
Q

formed by rising mantle plumes

A

hot spot

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7
Q

consists less than 50% of silica and least viscous magma

A

mafic (basaltic) magma

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8
Q

~60% silica content and intermediate viscosity magma

A

intermediate (andesitic) magma

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9
Q

~70% silica content and the most viscous magma

A

felsic (rhyolitic) magma

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10
Q

magma with rough jagged surface and sharp edges

A

AA

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11
Q

exhibit smooth ropy surface

A

pahoehoe

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12
Q

magma consists of blocks with slightly curved surface, smooth surface

A

block lava

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13
Q

outpourings of lava in the ocean floor

A

pillow lava

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14
Q

volcano with atleast 1 eruption in the last 10,000 years

A

active volcano

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15
Q

active volcano that is not erupting, supposed to erupt again

A

inactive volcano

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16
Q

volcano with no eruption for atleast 10,000 years, not expected to erupt again

A

dormant/extinct volcano

17
Q

fissure eruption, the most calmest eruption, release free flowing basaltic magma

18
Q

characterised by effusive emission of highly fluid basalt lavas with low gas content, builds shield volcanoes

19
Q

short explosive burst by booming sounds.

A

strombolian

20
Q

eruption with moderateley viscous magma, and so have thick, stubby flows

21
Q

the largest and most violent of all types of volcanic erruptions

22
Q

there is a single, usually small eruption. usually associated with fissure volcano belts

A

monogenetic

23
Q

there is a sequence of eruptive event, often with a cyclic variation in lava types

A

polygenetic

24
Q

mode of succession of wide sheets of volcanic rocks, built by repeated outpourings of basaltic lava

A

lava shield

25
central eruptions on a still smaller scale may give rise to simple straight-sided cones
lava cone
26
have no sign of a crator, but are gently sloping mounds, they may owe their shape to erosion although they never had pronounced craters but had lava welling right to the brim before solidification
lava mounds
27
viscous lava is extruded, it sags and spreads into convex dome-like bodies
cumulo-dome / mamelon
28
cumulo-domes or mamelons when they occur in the crater of a large volcano
tholoid
29
usually steep small cones
plug domes
30
produced as the last phase of an eruption of larger volcanoes
scoria cones
31
scoria volcanoes have no apparent crater
scoria mounds
32
they form in the interaction between lava flows and water
littoral cones
33
shallow volcanic craters with steep sides that is surrounded y tephra basalt
maars
34
ash, lapilli, blocks, and bombs
pyroclastic ejecta
35
tuffs and agglomerate
lithified deposits
36
nuee ardentes
volcanic clouds
37
welded tuff and ignimbrites
ash flow
38
volcanic ash + water
lahars