volcanic terraine Flashcards
naturally occuring landform where lave extruded from a magma chamber underground
volcano
zone of greatest seismic activity and consists of approximately 75% of the world’s volcano
pacific ring of fire (circum-pacific belt)
oceanic-oceanic crust collision
volcanic island arc
oceanic-continental crust collision
continental volcanic arc
continental-continental crust collision
volcanic plateau
formed by rising mantle plumes
hot spot
consists less than 50% of silica and least viscous magma
mafic (basaltic) magma
~60% silica content and intermediate viscosity magma
intermediate (andesitic) magma
~70% silica content and the most viscous magma
felsic (rhyolitic) magma
magma with rough jagged surface and sharp edges
AA
exhibit smooth ropy surface
pahoehoe
magma consists of blocks with slightly curved surface, smooth surface
block lava
outpourings of lava in the ocean floor
pillow lava
volcano with atleast 1 eruption in the last 10,000 years
active volcano
active volcano that is not erupting, supposed to erupt again
inactive volcano
volcano with no eruption for atleast 10,000 years, not expected to erupt again
dormant/extinct volcano
fissure eruption, the most calmest eruption, release free flowing basaltic magma
icelandic
characterised by effusive emission of highly fluid basalt lavas with low gas content, builds shield volcanoes
hawaiiin
short explosive burst by booming sounds.
strombolian
eruption with moderateley viscous magma, and so have thick, stubby flows
vulcanian
the largest and most violent of all types of volcanic erruptions
plinian
there is a single, usually small eruption. usually associated with fissure volcano belts
monogenetic
there is a sequence of eruptive event, often with a cyclic variation in lava types
polygenetic
mode of succession of wide sheets of volcanic rocks, built by repeated outpourings of basaltic lava
lava shield