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correl finals > marine environment > Flashcards

marine environment Flashcards

1
Q

shape and depth of the sea floor

A

bathymetry

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2
Q

deepest parts of the ocean

A

trench

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3
Q

transition from continental crust to oceanic crust

A

continental slope

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4
Q

gentel angle of slope down to the edge of the abyssal plains

A

continental rise

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5
Q

shallow submarine terrace of continental crust

A

continental shelf

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6
Q

flat depositional surface of the sea floor

A

abyssal plains

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7
Q

200 meters water depth

A

neritic zone

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8
Q

200 - 2000 meters water depth

A

bathyal

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9
Q

2000 - 5000 meters water depth

A

abyssal zone

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10
Q

more than 5000 meters water depth

A

hadal zone

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11
Q

region between mean high water and low water marks of tides

A

foreshore

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12
Q

region of the shelf between the low tide mark and depth to which waves normally affects the sea bottom

A

shoreface

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13
Q

the deeper shelf area between the fair weather and storm weather bases

A

offshore transition zone

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14
Q

region below the storm wave base and extends out to the shelf edge break at around 200 meters depth

A

offshore zone

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15
Q

the cyclic rising and falling of earth’s ocean surface

A

tides

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16
Q

bulge of water due to gravity

A

tidal bulge

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17
Q

at any point of the surface the level of water will rise and fall twice a day as two bulges are passed in each other

A

diurnal tides

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18
Q

when the sun and moon are aligned, occurs during full and new moon

A

spring tides

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19
Q

when the sun and moon are at right angles, the tides are not too high or low

A

neap tides

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20
Q

vertical motion of tides

A

tidal current

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21
Q

tidal current moves toward the land

A

flood

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22
Q

tidal current moves away the land

A

ebbs

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23
Q

the depth to which there is wave influenced motion under normal weather conditions

A

fair weather wave base

24
Q

the depth waves reach when the surface waves have higher energy due to stronger winds driving them

A

storm weather wave base

25
Q

current driven by the difference of water density (salinity and temp)

A

thermo-haline current

26
Q

wind driven currents r

A

geostrophic currents

27
Q

a mudrock that contains 1-15% organic carbon

A

blackshale

28
Q

gark green mineral that is found quite commonly in marine sediments

A

glauconite

29
Q

sed rx erniched with phosphorous

A

phosphorites

30
Q

materials distributed on shelves and epicontinental seas by tides, waves, storms and ocean

A

terrigenous material

31
Q

consists of rounded mounds of sand on the sea floor a few cm high

A

hummocky cross stratification

32
Q

between hummocks lies swales and where concave layers in the are preserved

A

swaley cross stratification

33
Q

any shallow marine environment where there is an accumulation of carbonate seds

A

carbonate platform

34
Q

platform attached to a continental mass

A

carbonate shelf

35
Q

isolated platforms that are surrounded by deep water

A

carbonate banks

36
Q

formed above a subsiding volcano

A

carbonate atoll

37
Q

gentle slope down deep with no breaks in slope

A

carbonate ramp

38
Q

flat-topped with a sharp change in slope at the edge forming a steep margin

A

rimmed shelf

39
Q

an accumulation of sediments in the margins of a continent, where wave energy is strong and very present

A

beach

40
Q

sediments seperates the open sea from a laggon

A

barrier

41
Q

coastal bodies of water that have very limited connection to the open sea

A

lagoons

42
Q

sites of fine-grained sedimentation forming layers off carbonate mudstone and wackestone

A

carbonate lagoons

43
Q

hot, dry climate, tapos nagka lagoon by influx of water

A

arid lagoons

44
Q

lies above the mean high water mark and is only inundated by seawater under exceptional circumstances, such as very high tides sand storm conditions

A

supratidal carbonate flats

45
Q

sites of evaporite formations. gypsum and anhydrite grow within the sed while a crust of halite forms at the surface,

A

arid sabkha flats

46
Q

deposits of ime mud and shelly mud are subject to subaerial desication at low tide

A

intertidal deposits

47
Q

carbonate bodies mainy built by framework-building benthic organisms such as corals

A

reefs

48
Q

sed body consisting of structure less fine crystalline carbonate

A

carbonate mud mounts

49
Q

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: tall trees, woody

A

swamp

50
Q

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: grasses

A

marsh

51
Q

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: mosses

A

bogs

52
Q

originate from the reef, characterized by a range of fabrics

A

slump

53
Q

sand is transported down steep slopes by dispersive pressure

A

grain flow deposits

54
Q

poorly sorted clast-rich, muddy deposits here the clasts are transported down slope of buoyancy pressure

A

debris flow deposits

55
Q

deposit of a turbidity current

A

turbidites

56
Q

fine-grained material derived from the platform and resedimented by suspension into the slope and basinal environment

A

hemipelagic carbonates

57
Q

sediment is deposited by slow suspension of material biochemically produced in surface waters

A

pelagic carbonates

correl finals (15 decks)

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