Volcanic hazards are dangerous

Question 1

When did Nyiragongo take place?

Answer 1

2002

Question 2

Where does Mount Nyiragongo lie?

Answer 2

In the Virunga Mountains in the DRC

Question 3

How big is the main crater of Mount Nyiragongo?

Answer 3

250m deep, 2km wide

Question 4

How many times has Nyiragongo erupted?

Answer 4

30

Question 5

For how much of Africa’s total eruptions does Nyiragongo account for?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

What is special about Nyiragongo’s lava?

Answer 6

It is very fluid and has been known to move downhill at speeds of over 90km/h

Question 7

What is the area of Goma’s risk and vulnerability?

Answer 7

The volcano doesn’t pose a huge threat as its lava is slow, but flows can overwhelm agricultural areas
Emissions of poisonous carbon dioxide gas has seeped from volcano in the past

Question 8

Why do people choose to live near the volcano of Nyiragongo?

Answer 8

The combination of altitude (1,500m), extended growing season and the fertile volcanic soil shave encouraged residents

Question 9

Was the 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo expected?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What flowed towards the direction of Goma when Nyiragongo erupted?

Answer 10

Lava

Question 11

How big was the fissure that opened during the eruption of Mount Nyiragongo?

Answer 11

13km, 2m deep

Question 12

What was Nyiragongo measured on the VEI scale?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

How much of Goma did the lava flows destroy after the eruption of Nyiragongo?

Answer 13

One third

Question 14

How many inhabitants live in Goma?

Answer 14

200,000

Question 15

What services was destroyed in Goma?

Answer 15

The commercial centre
Water and power supply facilities
Medical facilites

Question 16

How many health centres were destroyed after the eruption of Nyiragongo?

Answer 16

Three health centres

Question 17

How much of the runway of Goma airport did the lava cover?

Answer 17

Third

Question 18

What was the death toll from Nyiragongo?

Answer 18

147

Question 19

How many people Fled to Rwanda?

Answer 19

350,000 - causing enormous problems providing resources

Question 20

What poisoned water after Nyiragongo?

Answer 20

Sulphurous lava entered Lake Kivu

Question 21

What accompanied the eruption of Nyiragongo?

Answer 21

Several eruptions, one measuring over 5

Question 22

What was the initial response to the eruption Nyiragongo?

Answer 22

Red Alert - kept death toll low

Question 23

What did the UN ferry in 2 days after mount Nyiragongo erupted?

Answer 23

Humanitarian aid

Question 24

What did the UN set up when they arrived 2 days after the eruption?

Answer 24

Camps to house the displaced people

Question 25

How much was estimated for the cost of providing, food, blankets, household utensils, temporary shelter, clean water, sanitation and health care to the refugees? - Mount N

Answer 25

$15 million

Question 26

What was the main problem of lava flows? - Mount N

Answer 26

It destroyed many businesses resulting in massive unemployment

Question 27

What are two contrasting examples of volcanoes?

Answer 27

Nyiragongo and Eyjafjallajokull

Question 28

When did Eyjafjallajokull take place?

Answer 28

2010

Question 29

Where did Eyjafjallajokull take place?

Answer 29

Iceland

Question 30

What plate boundary is Eyjafjallajokull on?

Answer 30

Constructive plate boundary between the ​North American and ​Eurasian plate

Question 31

What were the economic impacts of E?

Answer 31

The ash plume stopped jet engines​, just in Europe. However, the channel tunnel and ferries did extra business. ​ Europe lost money Horticulture lost​ money The ash made Icelandic soil so ​fertile f​armers could produce rapeseed oil and grapes

Question 32

What were the environmental impacts of E?

Answer 32

Less ​aircraft noise ​and ​less CO2​ due to flight bans. Fluoride deposits on grazing land​ poisoned cattle​. Fertiliser for the surrounding land was not needed. Surrounding rivers were silted with ash

Question 33

What were the social impacts of E?

Answer 33

People evacuated due to the flooding from the melted glacier. The​ ash contaminated drinking water​ supplies. Ash caused ​respiratory illnesses​ for some locals. Cancelled flights left many stranded in different countries

Question 34

What was the immediate response of E?

Answer 34

700 locals ​evacuated.​ 100,000 European ​flights cancelled ​during 6-day ban. Exclusion zone​ created.

Question 35

What was the long term response of E?

Answer 35

700 locals ​evacuated.​ 100,000 European ​flights cancelled ​during 6-day ban. Exclusion zone​ created.

Question 36

What were the social impacts of N?

Answer 36

Homes were destroyed by ash and lava. People were evacuated. Deaths in 24 hours Aid agencies were unable to access some areas of Goma. The lava took a long time to cool and it burnt people as they tried to return to their homes. Cholera spread because of lack of sanitation in areas that people fled to. Deaths when fuel exploded while they were trying to siphon it off at a petrol station. Nearby villages were destroyed in the lava flow.

Question 37

How many homes were destroyed due to ash and Laval during N?

Answer 37

12,500

Question 38

How many people were evacuated during N?

Answer 38

400,000

Question 39

How many people died in the first 24 hours after N?

Answer 39

45

Question 40

What made is difficult for aid agencies to access Goma?

Answer 40

Lava flow which filled the roads

Question 41

What spread during N because of the lack of sanitation?

Answer 41

Cholera

Question 42

How many people were killed when fuel exploded while people were trying to siphon it off at a petrol station during N?

Answer 42

50

Question 43

How many nearby village were destroyed because of N lava flow?

Answer 43

14

Question 44

What were the economic impacts of N?

Answer 44

Lava covered lots of Goma One month after the eruption people were dependant on aid. People lost their businesses and jobs. Aviation fuel stores exploded as the lava flow damaged Goma airport. Due to poverty, most people could not afford to rebuild their homes.

Question 45

How much of Goma did the Lava cover?

Answer 45

15%

Question 46

How many people were dependant on aid now month after the eruption of N?

Answer 46

350,000

Question 47

What were the environmental impacts of N?

Answer 47

Poisonous gases caused acid rain, which affected farmland and cattle. Many farmers lost income. Had the lava reached Lake Kivu, or seismic activity disrupted the lake, then dangerous levels of carbon dioxide and methane could have been released. Carbon dioxide levels are still a serious (and possibly deadly) issue in areas where winds do not disperse the released gases.

Question 48

How many jet engines did the ash plume of E stop from flying in Europe?

Answer 48

100,000

Question 49

How much GDP did Europe loose after E?

Answer 49

$2.6 billion

Question 50

How much did Horticulture loose per day after E?

Answer 50

£3 million

Question 51

How much less CO2 was there because of the flight bans during E?

Answer 51

2.8 million tonnes

Question 52

How many people were evacuated due to the melted glacier after E?

Answer 52

700