Some environments are considered to be 'multi hazardous' Flashcards
What is an example of a multi-hazardous environment?
The Philippines
Where is the Philippines?
Off the mainland of Southeast Asia, on the western rim of the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’
How many earthquakes have the Philippines experienced in the 21st century?
17
What is an example of an earthquake which has taken place in the Philippines?
Bohol in 2013
What magnitude was Bohol in 2013?
7.2
How many people did Bohol kill?
Over 200
How many people did Bohol injury?
800
How many active volcanoes does the Philippines have?
Opinions vary but 23 is said to be a reasonable figure
What is an example of a volcano in the Philippines?
Pinatubo
When did Pinatubo erupt?
1991
How big was Pinatubo?
Second largest eruption in the 20th century
How many people live within 40km of Mount Pinatubo?
500,000
How many people did the early warning and evacuations save?
5,000
How did Mount Pinatubo affect the climate?
By hurling gases, ash and steam into the upper atmosphere where they continued to affect global warming for at least two years
By how much did Mount Pinatubo decrease the average global temperature?
0.5 degrees
What caused the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991?
Oceanic Philippine plate being subducted under the lighter Continental Eurasian plate
How many people died as a result of Mount Pinatubo?
847
What type of hazard is the worst in Philippines and why?
Typhoons - climate change is a relevant cause
What is an example of a typhoon in the Philippines?
Typhoon Haiyan
When was Typhoon Haiyan?
2013
How many people did Typhoon Haiyan affect?
11 million
Why are the people in Philippines so vulnerable to hazards?
Because of their inability to cope
What factor increases the impact of a hazard on people and their property in Luzon and Manila?
The fact it is densely populated
What sort of population does the Philippines have, and what is the impact of this?
They have a coastal distributed population - increasing vulnerability to hydro-meteorological hazards
What has increased the landslide risk in the Philippines?
The pressures of an increasing population have led to deforestation of upland areas for agriculture
What is the significance of deforestation in the Philippines?
It has reduced interception and water table capacity (decreasing potential levels of infiltration)
What is the Philippines GDP per capita?
$3300
What is the USA GDP per capita?
$53000
What were the highest wind speeds of Typhoon Haiyan?
315km hr
What makes Tacloban so vulnerable to Typhoons?
Lies in the centre of the Philippines where tropical storms cross the Pacific towards Southeast Asia - most affected region in the world
What makes the people of Tacloban so vulnerable to Typhoons?
People move to Tacloban is large numbers for opportunities to work - high density population/overcrowded
Poor constructed buildings on flat land near sea - storm surges and flooding
Settlements of steep hillsides - high rainfall of tropical cyclones
How many people in Philippines live in poverty?
27%
What is the life expectancy in the Philippines?
72 years
