Some environments are considered to be 'multi hazardous' Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of a multi-hazardous environment?

A

The Philippines

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2
Q

Where is the Philippines?

A

Off the mainland of Southeast Asia, on the western rim of the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’

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3
Q

How many earthquakes have the Philippines experienced in the 21st century?

A

17

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4
Q

What is an example of an earthquake which has taken place in the Philippines?

A

Bohol in 2013

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5
Q

What magnitude was Bohol in 2013?

A

7.2

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6
Q

How many people did Bohol kill?

A

Over 200

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7
Q

How many people did Bohol injury?

A

800

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8
Q

How many active volcanoes does the Philippines have?

A

Opinions vary but 23 is said to be a reasonable figure

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9
Q

What is an example of a volcano in the Philippines?

A

Pinatubo

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10
Q

When did Pinatubo erupt?

A

1991

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11
Q

How big was Pinatubo?

A

Second largest eruption in the 20th century

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12
Q

How many people live within 40km of Mount Pinatubo?

A

500,000

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13
Q

How many people did the early warning and evacuations save?

A

5,000

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14
Q

How did Mount Pinatubo affect the climate?

A

By hurling gases, ash and steam into the upper atmosphere where they continued to affect global warming for at least two years

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15
Q

By how much did Mount Pinatubo decrease the average global temperature?

A

0.5 degrees

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16
Q

What caused the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991?

A

Oceanic Philippine plate being subducted under the lighter Continental Eurasian plate

17
Q

How many people died as a result of Mount Pinatubo?

18
Q

What type of hazard is the worst in Philippines and why?

A

Typhoons - climate change is a relevant cause

19
Q

What is an example of a typhoon in the Philippines?

A

Typhoon Haiyan

20
Q

When was Typhoon Haiyan?

21
Q

How many people did Typhoon Haiyan affect?

A

11 million

22
Q

Why are the people in Philippines so vulnerable to hazards?

A

Because of their inability to cope

23
Q

What factor increases the impact of a hazard on people and their property in Luzon and Manila?

A

The fact it is densely populated

24
Q

What sort of population does the Philippines have, and what is the impact of this?

A

They have a coastal distributed population - increasing vulnerability to hydro-meteorological hazards

25
What has increased the landslide risk in the Philippines?
The pressures of an increasing population have led to deforestation of upland areas for agriculture
26
What is the significance of deforestation in the Philippines?
It has reduced interception and water table capacity (decreasing potential levels of infiltration)
27
What is the Philippines GDP per capita?
$3300
28
What is the USA GDP per capita?
$53000
29
What were the highest wind speeds of Typhoon Haiyan?
315km hr
30
What makes Tacloban so vulnerable to Typhoons?
Lies in the centre of the Philippines where tropical storms cross the Pacific towards Southeast Asia - most affected region in the world
31
What makes the people of Tacloban so vulnerable to Typhoons?
People move to Tacloban is large numbers for opportunities to work - high density population/overcrowded Poor constructed buildings on flat land near sea - storm surges and flooding Settlements of steep hillsides - high rainfall of tropical cyclones
32
How many people in Philippines live in poverty?
27%
33
What is the life expectancy in the Philippines?
72 years