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First Aid Stuff I Don't Know > Vol. VI - Reproductive and Endocrine > Flashcards

Vol. VI - Reproductive and Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Gene for anterior-posterior paterning

A

SHH

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2
Q

Gene for dorsal ventral paterning

A

Wnt-7

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3
Q

Gene for limb lengthening

A

FGF

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4
Q

Genes for segmental organization in cranial-caudal direction

A

HOX

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5
Q

Day of blastocyst implantation

A

6 (also roughly when hCG secretion begins)

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6
Q

Gastrulation occurs within

A

3 weeks

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7
Q

Neural tube close by

A

week 4

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8
Q

susceptibility to teratogens is high during

A

embryonic period (week 3-8)

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9
Q

Fetal cardiac is detectable by

A

week 4

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10
Q

limb buds begin to form during

A

week 4

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11
Q

Fetal movement starts during

A

week 6

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12
Q

genitalia have male/female characteristics by

A

week 8

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13
Q

3 subdivisions of ectoderm are

A

neural crest, neural tube, surface ectoderm

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14
Q

Adenohypophysis derives from

A

Rathke’s pouch (surface ectoderm)

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15
Q

lens of eye and sensory organs of ear derive from

A

surface ectoderm

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16
Q

parotid, sweat, and mammary glands derive from

A

surface ectoderm

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17
Q

ELMO PASSES means

A

neural crest derivatives: Enterochromaffin cells, Leptomininges, Melanocytes, Odontoblasts, PNS ganglia, Adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, Spiral membrane, Endocardial cushions, Skull bones

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18
Q

Gut tube epithelium derives from

A

endoderm

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19
Q

urethra and lower 1/3 of vagina derive from

A

endoderm

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20
Q

luminal epithelia derive from

A

endoderm

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21
Q

lymphatics derive from

A

mesoderm

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22
Q

microglia and dura derive from

A

meseoderm

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23
Q

ovaries and testes derive from

A

mesoderm

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24
Q

Effect of ACE inhibitors on a fetus

A

renal failure, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria

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25
Q

Aminoglycoside effect on fetus

A

Ototoxicity

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26
Q

Fluoroquinolone effect on fetus

A

cartilage damage

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27
Q

Tetracycline effect on fetus

A

discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

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28
Q

Methimazole effect on fetus

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

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29
Q

Folate antagonist effect on fetus

A

neural tube defects

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30
Q

Pharyngeal clefts derive from

A

ectoderm

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31
Q

Pharyngeal arches derive from

A

mesoderm and neural cres

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32
Q

Pharyngeal pouches derive from

A

endoderm

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33
Q

1st pharyngeal cleft develops into

A

auditory meatus

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34
Q

Maxillary process develops from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

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35
Q

Mandibular process develops from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

36
Q

malleus and incus develop from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

37
Q

CN V3 develops from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

38
Q

muscles of mastication develop from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

39
Q

Stapes develops from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

40
Q

styloid process and stylohyoid ligament develop from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

41
Q

lesser horn of hyoid develops from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

42
Q

muscles of facial expression develop from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

43
Q

CN VII develops from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

44
Q

greater horn of hyoid develops from

A

3rd pharyngeal arch

45
Q

stylopharyngeus develops from

A

3rd pharyngeal arch

46
Q

CN IX develops from

A

3rd pharyngeal arch

47
Q

Thyroid and cricoid develop from

A

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

48
Q

Superior branch of CN X develops from

A

4th pharyngeal arch

49
Q

Inferior branch of CN X develops from

A

6th pharyngeal arch

50
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch becomes

A

endoderm lined ear structures

51
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch becomes

A

epithelial lining of palatine tonsils

52
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch becomes

A

thymus and inferior parathyroids

53
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch becomes

A

superior parathyroids and C cells of thyroid

54
Q

Female genital development

A

default, mesonephric duct degenerates and paramesonephric duct develops

55
Q

male genital development

A

SRY gene on Y chromosome produces TDF –> testes develop –> sertoli cells secrete mullerian inhibitor factor –> suppression of paramesonephric duct ; Leydig cells secrete androgens –> development of mesonephric duct

56
Q

5-alpha-reductase deficiency causes

A

inability to convert testosterone to DHT –> ambiguous external genitalia

57
Q

uterus histology in proliferative phase

A

long tubular glands

58
Q

uterus histology in secretory phase

A

coiled glands

59
Q

Nerves responsible for erection

A

S2-S4

60
Q

Nerves responsible for semen emission

A

T11-L2

61
Q

Sertoli cells secrete

A

inhibin B (inhibits FSH), androgen binding protein, MIF

62
Q

Leydig cells secrete

A

testosterone in response to LH

63
Q

Turner syndrome presentation

A

short stature, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, lymphatic defects (webbed neck), horseshoe kidney, short, 4th metacarpal

64
Q

Most common cause of primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome

65
Q

effect of inhibin

A

Inhibits FSH production

66
Q

coffee bean nuclei on H and E

A

Brenner tumor (solid, pale yellow/tan, appears encapsulated)

67
Q

Ovarian mass with Psammoma bodies

A

Serous carcinoma

68
Q

Ovarian tumor associated with hyperthyroid

A

Struma Ovarii (monodermal mature cytstic teratoma)

69
Q

Fried egg cells, high hCG, high LDH

A

Dysgerminoma

70
Q

Ovarian yolk sac tumor features

A

increased AFP, yellow, friable, 50% have Schiller Duval bodies, occurs in children and young females

71
Q

Meigs syndrome

A

triad of ovarian fibroma (spindle shaped fibroblasts), ascites, and pleural effusion

72
Q

Thecoma may produce…

A

estrogen

73
Q

Call-exner bodies around eosinic follicles, increased inhibin

A

Granulosa cell tumor

74
Q

Granulosa cell tumors produce

A

estrogen and/or progesterone

75
Q

presentation of invasive lobular carcinoma

A

decreased e cadherin, lines of cells

76
Q

presentation of invasive ductal carcinoma

A

fibrous, rock hard mass, with clear edges. Small duct like cells

77
Q

Two tumors with fried egg cells

A

seminoma and ovarian dysgerminoma

78
Q

Most common testicular tumor in children < 3

A

Yolk Sac tumor

79
Q

Choriocarcinoma metastasizes to

A

brain and lung

80
Q

alpha subunit of HCG is identical to

A

alpha subunit of TSH, LH, FSH

81
Q

Characteristics of Leydig cell tumors

A

Golden brown, Reinke crystals, produces androgens –> gynecomastia or precocious puberty

82
Q

High PALP

A

Seminoma

83
Q

very high AFP and maybe high beta HCG

A

Yolk Sac tumor

84
Q

Very high beta HCG

A

choriocarcinoma

85
Q

maybe high AFP, no beta HCG

A

Teratoma

86
Q

high beta HCG +/- AFP

A

Embryonal Carcinoma

First Aid Stuff I Don't Know (10 decks)

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