Drugs - Mechanisms II Flashcards
1
Q
methylcellulose
A
bulk forming laxative
2
Q
Desvenlafaxine
A
SNRI
3
Q
Tiagabine
A
GABA reuptake inhibitor
4
Q
magnesium compounds
A
osmotic laxatives
5
Q
Gabapentin
A
inhibits high voltage activate Ca channels
6
Q
Ketoconazole
A
inhibits 17-alpha hydroxylase –> decreased steroids
7
Q
Imipramine
A
TCA –> SNRI
8
Q
-azine
A
1st gen antipsychotics
9
Q
chlorpheniramine
A
1st gen H1 blocker
10
Q
Entacapone and tolcapone
A
inhibits COMT –> reduced peripheral L-DOPA degradation
11
Q
Anastrozole
A
Aromatase inhibitor
12
Q
sucralfate
A
binds to peptic ulcer base –> protects –> bicarb secretion reestablishes pH
13
Q
Sevelamer
A
non-absorbable phosphate binder
14
Q
Riluzolone
A
decreased glutamate excitotocity in ALS
15
Q
doxylamine
A
1st gen H1 blocker
16
Q
Bromocriptine
A
Ergot dopamine agonist
17
Q
Levetiracetam
A
SV2A receptor blocker
18
Q
Procarbazine
A
mechanism unknown, weak MAO inhibitor
19
Q
Selegiline
A
Selective MAO-B inhibitor
20
Q
Liraglutide
A
(GLP-1 analog) decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, and increase glucose dependent insulin release
21
Q
Methimazole
A
thionamide, blocks thyroid peroxidase (teratogenic)
22
Q
-raf-enib
A
BRAF
23
Q
Conivaptan
A
ADH antaogonist
24
Q
Afitinib
A
EGFR inhibitor
25
Acarbose
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in brush border --> decreased absoprtion --> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
26
Ketamine
NMDA antagonist
27
Fluoxetine
SSRI
28
Megestrol
Progestin
29
Succinylcholine
strong ACh receptor agonist --> sustained depolarization --> prevents contraction
30
benzodiazapenes
increase GABAa activity
31
Probenecid
Inhibits uric acid reabsorption in the PCT and inhibits secretion of penicillin
32
Sulfasalazine
combo antibacterial and anti-inflammatory (used for crohns and colitis)
33
Etoposide, teniposide
topoisomerase II inhibitors --> DNA degradation
34
SGLT2 inhibitors (-gliflozins)
block reabsorption of glucose in PCT
35
Finasteride
5-alpha reductase inhibitor --> decreased conversion of testosterone to DHT
36
Baclofen
GABAb agonist in spinal cord --> decreased spasticity
37
Allopurinol
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
38
Dabigatran
Direct factor IIa inhibitor
39
Carbadopa
inhibits DOPA decarboxylase --> reduced peripheral L-DOPA degradation
40
Levomilnacipran
SNRI
41
Cation exchange resins (e.g. patiromer)
bind K in colon
42
Argatroban
Direct factor IIa inhibitor
43
Venlafaxine
SNRI
44
Arepitant
Substance Pantagonist, blocks NK1 receptors in brain --> antiemetic
45
Odansetron
5-HT3 antagonist --> decreased vagal stimulation --> antiemetic
46
Vilazodone
Atypical antidepressant; inhibits 5-HT reuptake
47
Phenobarbital
increases GABAa activity
48
Mifepristone
anti-progestin
49
Selegiline and rasagiline
MAO-B inhibitor --> prevents dopamine degradation
50
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor --> bicarb diuresis and alkaline urine
51
Sertlraline
SSRI
52
Metoclopramide
D2 receptor antagonist --> increased resting tone and contractility --> promotes motility and gastric emptying
53
Propofol
potentiates GABAa
54
Escitalopram
SSRI
55
Bisacodyl
enteric nerve stimulation --> laxative
56
Senna
enteric nerve stimulation --> laxative
57
Cyclobenzaprine
Acts mainly in brain stem to reduce spasticity
58
Abiraterone
inhibits 17-alpha hydroxylase --> decreased steroids
59
Vigabatrin
inhibits GABA transaminase --> increased GABA (black box for vision loss
60
Histrelin
GnRH analog (agonist when pulsatile, inhibitory when continuous)
61
Amoxapine
TCA --> SNRI
62
Nafarelin
GnRH analog (agonist when pulsatile, inhibitory when continuous)
63
Danazol
synthetic androgen --> partial agonist
64
polyethylene glycol
osmotic laxative
65
-curonium
competetive ACh antagonists
66
Torsemide
loop diuretic; inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in TAL (also Ca loss)
67
Alectinib
ALK inhibitor
68
Prasugrel
Blocks ADP receptor --> decreased expression of GpIIb/IIIa --> decreased platelet aggregation
69
Busulfan
alkylating agent --> cross-links DNA
70
Fludrocortisone
aldosterone analog with glucocorticoid effects
71
Teriparatide
PTH analog; pulsatile dose activates osteoblasts (used in osteoporososis)
72
Ruxolitinib
JAK1/2 inhibitor
73
Letrozole
Aromatase inhibitor
74
Erlotinib
EGFR inhibitor
75
Midazolam
facilitates GABAa (benzodiazapine)
76
Clomiphene
Estrogen receptor modulator; antagonist in hypothalamus --> blocks negative feedback --> increased LH and FSH --> ovulation
77
Butorphanol
kappa-opioid agonist and partial mu
78
Bisphosphonates (-dronate)
pyrophosphate analogs --> bind hydroxyapatite --> inhibit osteoclasts
79
GLP-1 analogs
decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, and increase glucose dependent insulin release
80
Carbamazapine
blocks Na channels (anti-epileptic)
81
Thiopental
facilitates GABAa (barbiturate)
82
Orlistat
inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase --> decreased absorption of dietary fat
83
Spironolactone
Competitive aldosterone antagonist; K sparing Diuretic; also androgen receptor and synthesis inhibitor
84
Tetrabenzine
inhibits monamine transporter --> decreased dopamine (in HD)
85
-gliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors --> prevents GLP-1 inactivation --> decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, and increase glucose dependent insulin release
86
Levonorgestrel
Progestin
87
Loperimide
mu-opioid agonist with poor CNS penetration --> slows gut mobility
88
Leuprolide
GnRH analog (agonist when pulsatile, inhibitory when continuous)
89
Pramipexole
non-ergot dopamine agonist
90
dipyridamole
blocks platelet phosphodiesterase --> decreased cAMP --> decreased aggregation
91
Duloxetine
SNRI
92
Mirtazapine
Atypical antidepressant; alpha2 antagonist --> increased NE and 5-HT release; potent 5-HT2/3 antagonist; H1 antagonist
93
Pramlintind
Amylin analog --> decreased glucagon release and gastric emptying
94
bismuth
binds to peptic ulcer base --> protects --> bicarb secretion reestablishes pH
95
Platinum compounds
cross-link DNA
96
Palbociclib
CDK 4/6
97
Liothyronine
T3 replacement
98
Cochicine
binds and stabilizes tubulin --> impaired neutrophil chemotaxis
99
Endothelin antagonists (e.g. Bosentan)
decreased PVR
100
Doxorubicin
anthracyline; free radical formation, DNA intercalation, and inhibition of topoisomerase II
101
Suggamadex
reverses ACh receptor blockade
102
Memantine
NMDA antagonist --> decreased excitotoxicity in AD
103
-adine
2nd gen H1 blockers
104
Pegloticase
Recombinant uricase, converts uric acid to allantoin (more water soluble)
105
Flutamide and Bicalutamide
competitive inhibitor at androgen receptor
106
Paroxetine
SSRI
107
Goserelin
GnRH analog (agonist when pulsatile, inhibitory when continuous)
108
Bumetanide
loop diuretic; inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in TAL (also Ca loss)
109
Local anasthetics
bind voltage gated N channels --> block neurotransmission
110
Ethosuximide
Blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels (absence seizures)
111
Pentazocine
kappa-opioid agonist and weak mu antagonist (or partial agonist)
112
Ironotecan. and topotecan
topoisomerase I inhibitors --> DNA degradation
113
Eplerenone
Competitive aldosterone antsagonist; K sparing Diuretic
114
Isocarboxazid
MAO-I
115
Diphenhydramine
1st gen H1 blocker
116
-prazole
Proton pump inhibitors
117
Exemestane
Aromatase inhibitor
118
Ticlopidine
Blocks ADP receptor --> decreased expression of GpIIb/IIIa --> decreased platelet aggregation
119
buspirone
partial 5HT agonist (used for anxiety)
120
Democlocycline
interferes with ADH signalling
121
Edoxaban
Direct factor Xa inhibitor
122
Dimenhydrinate
1st gen H1 blocker
123
Clopidogrel
Blocks ADP receptor --> decreased expression of GpIIb/IIIa --> decreased platelet aggregation
124
Citalopram
SSRI
125
Cinacalcet
Sensitizes CaSR in parathryoid to Ca --> decrease PTH
126
Dextromethorphan
antagonizes NMDA receptors, mild opioid in excess
127
Febuxostat
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
128
Lamotrigine
Blocks voltage gated Na channels, inhibits glutamate release
129
Bivalirudin
Direct factor IIa inhibitor
130
Clomipramine
TCA --> SNRI
131
Ethacrynic acid
non-sulfa loop diuretic (no allergy but more ototoxicity)
132
Levothyroxine
T4 replacement
133
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early DCT (decrease Ca excretion and diluting capacity)
134
Zileuton
5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor --> decreased Leukotrienes
135
Ticagrelor
Blocks ADP receptor --> decreased expression of GpIIb/IIIa --> decreased platelet aggregation
136
Tranylcypromine
MAO-I
137
Metolazone
Thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early DCT (decrease Ca excretion and diluting capacity)
138
Psyllium
bulk forming laxative
139
Desipriamine
TCA --> SNRI
140
Amantadine
increased dopamine release and decrease uptake
141
-sartan
ARBs
142
Pseudoephedrine
alpha agonist in nasal mucosa
143
Bleomycin
free radicals --> DNA strand breaks
144
Amitriptyline
TCA --> SNRI
145
Chlorthalidone
Thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early DCT (decrease Ca excretion and diluting capacity)
146
Phenytoin
Blocks Na channels (zero order kinetics)
147
Sumatriptan
5HT agonist --> inhibits trigeminal nerve activation (treats headaches)
148
Cell cycle specificity of antimetabolites
S phase
149
Trazadone
Atypical antidepressant; blocks 5-HT2, alpha1 and H1
150
norethindrone
Progestin
151
-glinide
Meglitinides, like sulfonylureas, close K channels --> depolarize --> Ca influx --> inulin release
152
Misoprostol
PGE1 analog --> increased gastric mucous barrier and decreased acid production
153
Vortioxetine
Atypical antidepressant, inhibits 5HT reuptake
154
Topiramate
Blocks Na channels, increases GABA action
155
Tramadol
weak opioid and SNRI
156
Desmopressin
ADH analaog
157
Bupropion
Atypical antidepressant; inhibits NE and D uptake
158
Milnacipran
SNRI
159
Pomozide
1st gen antipsychotic
160
Tamoxifen
Estrogen receptor modulator; Antagonist in breast, partial agonist in uterus and bone
161
Cilostazol
blocks platelet phosphodiesterase --> decreased cAMP --> decreased aggregation
162
Degarelix
GnRH antagonist (no start up flare --> good for cancer)
163
octreotide
somatostatin analog
164
Nitrosoureas (-mustine)
alkylating agent --> cross-links DNA (cross BBB)
165
Furosemide
loop diuretic; inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in TAL (also Ca loss)
166
Tolvaptan
ADH antagonist
167
Propylthiouracil
thionamide, blocks thyroid peroxidase and T4 --> T3 conversion
168
Cimetidine
H2 blocker --> decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells
169
Leflunomide
reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase --> prevents pyrimidine synthesis --> suppresses T cell proliferation
170
Abciximab
blocks GpIIb/IIIa on activated platelets (fibrinogen receptor)
171
Doxepin
TCA --> SNRI
172
ulipristal
anti-progestin
173
Aliskiren
direct Renin inhibitor
174
Varenicline
Atypical antidepressant; nicotinic Ach receptor partial agonist (smoking cessation)
175
Celoxib
Selective COX-2 inhibition (spares GI lining unlike other NSAIDS)
176
Raloxifene
Estrogen receptor modulator; Antagonist in breast and uterus, partial agonist in bone --> used for osteoperosis
177
Aripiprazole
2nd gen (atypical) antipsychotic (partial agonist though)
178
cyclophosphamide
alkylating agent --> cross-links DNA
179
Amiloride
Block Na channels in cortical CT; K sparing diuretic
180
-apine and -idone
2nd gen (atypical) antipsychotics
181
Exantide
(GLP-1 analog) decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, and increase glucose dependent insulin release
182
Fluvoxamine
SSRI
183
etonogestrel
Progestin
184
Gefitinib
EGFR inhibitor
185
lactulose
osmotic laxative
186
Miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in brush border --> decreased absoprtion --> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
187
Phenelzine
MAO-I
188
Rivaroxaban
Direct factor Xa inhibitor
189
Docusate
emmolient laxative (incorporation of water and fat)
190
Ropinorole
non-ergot dopamine agonist
191
Apixaban
Direct factor Xa inhibitor
192
Nizatidine
H2 blocker --> decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells
193
phenylephrine
alpha agonist in nasal mucosa
194
haloperidol
1st gen antipsychotic
195
Mestranol
estrogen
196
Famotidine
H2 blocker --> decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells
197
Valproic Acid
Na channel activation, inhibits GABA transaminase --> increased GABA
198
Nortriptyline
TCA --> SNRI
199
-pril
ACE inhibitors
200
Triamterine
Block Na channels in cortical CT; K sparing diuretic
