Vocabulary Chapter 3 Greek to English

Question 1

γαῖα, γαίᾱς, ἡ

Answer 1

earth, land

Question 2

γῆ, γῆς, ἡ

Answer 2

earth; land

Question 3

ξένος, ξένου, ὁ

Answer 3

host, guest, guest-friend; stranger, foreigner

Question 4

οὑρανός, οὐρανοῦ, ὁ

Answer 4

sky, heaven

Question 5

πόνος, πόνου, ὁ

Answer 5

labor, toil; distress, suffering

Question 6

σύμμαχος, συμμάχου, ὁ

Answer 6

ally

Question 7

ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργναι, ἤρχθην

Answer 7

rule (whom or what one rules + Objective Gen.);

[middle], begin (+ Objective Gen. or Object Infinitive or w/o d.o.)

Question 8

διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίκαξα, δεδίκαχα, δεδίκαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην

Answer 8

teach; explain;
[middle] cause (someone) to be taught

active voice: person taught = d.o.; thing taught = Object Infinitive or 2nd d.o. (double accusative) or prep. phrase.

middle voice: “cause (someone) to be taught” w/same options as active

passive voice: “be taught” thing taught = Retained Accusative or Object Infinitive

Question 9

ἐθέλω/θέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα, _____, _____

Answer 9

be willing (consent), wish

active voice only

imperfect tense stem = ἐθελ-

w/ οὐ/μή = refuse

takes frequently Object Infinitive, sometimes implied

Question 10

λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα/εἶπον, _____, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην

Answer 10

say; speak (of), tell (of), recount, call, mean

w/ d.o. or Dative of Indirect Object or both; or prep phrase

“call” w/ d.o. + Predicate Accusative

w/ λόγος d.o. = Cognate Accusative

“tell” Dative of I.O + Object Infinitive

Question 11

μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα, ____, ____, ____

Answer 11

intend, be about, be likely (+ present or future inf.)

almost always active voice

Question 12

παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην

Answer 12

make (someone or something) stop (oneself) (trans.); [middle] stop (intrans.), cease

active voice w/ d.o. possibly Genitive of Separation

passive voice “be stopped”

derivative: pause

Question 13

πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην

Answer 13

persuade; [middle, instrans.] obey; heed; believe (+ Dative of Reference)

active voice: d.o. + may take Object Infinitive and/or prep. phrase

present/imperfect tense: often conative – only attempted or intended. “I was trying to persuade”

Question 14

αἰσχρός, αἰσχρᾱ́, αἰσχρόν

Answer 14

disgraceful, shameful; ugly

Question 15

κοινός, κοινή, κοινόν

Answer 15

common (to), shared (with); (+ gen. or dat.) public

neuter sing substantive τὸ κοινόν “the state”, “the government”, and w/o article in some prep. phrases

neuter plural substantive τὰ κοινά “the public treasury”, “public affairs”

Question 16

ἆρα

Answer 16

(interrog. particle) introduces a question

Not required by always 1st word.

When followed by οὐ/μή expected answer is yes.

Question 17

γάρ

Answer 17

(postpositive conj.) regularly placed after 1st word
[explanatory] for
[confirming] indeed, in fact

Question 18

δέ

Answer 18

(postpositive conj.)
[adversative] but
[connective] and

Question 19

εὖ

Answer 19

(adv.) well

Question 20

μέν

Answer 20

(postpositive particle) on the one hand;

Question 21

μέν …, δέ …

Answer 21

on the one hand …., on the other hand …. ;

….., but ….

Question 22

νῦν

Answer 22

(adverb) now

Question 23

πολλάκις

Answer 23

(adverb) many times, often

Question 24

πότε

Answer 24

(interrog. adverb) when

Question 25

πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην

Answer 25

send

active voice: d.o. and may have a Dative of Indirect Object.

The d.o. may be implied “messenger” or “ambassador”

Question 26

πρός

Answer 26

(prep. + gen.) from; by; in the name of
(prep. + dat.) near; in addition to
(prep. + acc.) toward; against; in reply to, in the face of, in relation to

Question 27

πῶς

Answer 27

(interrog. adv.) how

Question 28

ὑπό

Answer 28

(prep. + gen.) (from) under; by (w Genitive of Personal Agent); (passive/intransitive) “impelled by” (e.g. anger), “at the hands of” (e.g. one’s enemies)
(prep. + dat.) under, beneath, “at the foot of”; “under the power of”, “under the protection of”
(prep. + acc.) motion or position toward, under; w time: during, toward, “in the course of”