Chapter 3 The Finite Greek Verb Flashcards
Properties of the finite verb
- Person
- Number
- Tense
- Voice
- Mood
Voices of the verb
- active - subject is performing
- passive - subject is receiving
- middle - subject is performing with reference to itself
Moods
- indicative - factual
- imperative - command
- subjunctive - exhortation or deliberative question
- optative - wished for (If only the cat would not scratch the furniture) or possible action (That cat might scratch you.)
What does a tense always indicate and what does it often indicate
Always aspect, often time
Tenses of the indicative mood
- Present: present time simple/progressive/repeated aspect
- Imperfect: past time progressive/repeated aspect
- Future: future time simple/progressive/repeated aspect
- Aorist: past time simple aspect
- Perfect: present time completed aspect
- Pluperfect: past time completed aspect
- Future perfect: future time completed aspect
Aspects
- Simple – simply occurring once
- Progressive - being in progress
- Repeated - repeated or habitual
- Completed - already completed (has, had, will have)
Primary tenses in time
- present
2. future
Secondary tenses in time
- past
Primary tenses
- present
- future
- perfect
- future perfect
Secondary tenses
- imperfect
- aorist
- pluperfect
Finite verb
Defined or limited by person, number, tense, voice and mood.
Person property
1st person: subject is the speaker (I, we)
2nd person: subject is the person addressed (you, you pl.)
3rd person: subject is person/thing spoken about (he, she, it, they or any specific noun)
Number property
Singular: subject is one
Plural: subject is more than one
Dual: subject is two
Time: Present Aspect: Simple
Tense: Present
I say We say
You say You say
he says they say
Time: Present Aspect: Progressive
Tense: Present
I am saying We are saying
You are saying You are saying
He is saying They are saying
Time: Present Aspect: Repeated
Tense: Present
I say (every day) We say (every day) You say (every day) You say (every day) He says (every day) They say (every day)
Time: Present Aspect: Completed
Tense: Perfect
I have said We have said
You have said You have said
He has said They have said
Time: Past Aspect: Simple
Tense: Aorist
I said We said
You said You said
He said They said
Time: Past Aspect: Progressive
Tense: Imperfect
I was saying We were saying
You were saying You were saying
He was saying They were saying