Vocabulary Chapter 2 Greek to English Flashcards
αἰτίᾱ, αἰτίᾱς, ἡ
cause; responsibility – negative sense of “guilt” or “blame”
ἀρχή, ἀρχῆς, ἡ
beginning; (supreme) power, rule; empire. ἐξ ἀρχῆς = “from the beginning”, ἐν ἀρχῇ = “in the beginning”
δόξα, δόξης, ἡ
opinion, belief (how things mean to a person); reputation; glory (how a person seems to others); expectation (looking to the past or the future)
θάλαττα, θαλάττης, ἡ
sea
ἀλήθεια, ἀληθείᾱς, ἡ
truth ἀ- “not”, “without” (alpha primitive) + root “escaping notice”. Dative w/ art. & sometimes ἐν “in truth” or “truly”
μοῖρα, μοίρᾱς, ἡ
fate (one’s allotted portion). Capitalized = goddess Fate, plural = Fates (3 daughters of Zeus & Themis)
Γοργίᾱς, Γοργίου, ὁ
Gorgias of Leontini in Sicily. Orator and rhetorician
νεᾱνίᾱς, νεᾱνίου, ὁ
young man
Ἅιδης, Ἅιδου, ὁ
Hades son of Kronos & Rhea & brother of Zeus & Poseidon & consort of Persephone.
Genitive of Possession in common prep. ph.:
ἐξ Ἅιδου (out) from (the house of) Hades.
ἐν Ἅιδου in (the house of) Hades
εἰς/ἐς Ἅιδου to (the house of) Hades
Ἀτρείδης, Ἀτρείδου, ὁ
Atreides, son of Atreus.
sing. = Agamemnon
plur. = Agamemnon & Menelaus
Εὐρῑπίδης, Εὐρῑπίδου, ὁ
Euripides
ποιητής, ποιητοῦ, Ο
maker; poet
πολῑ́της, πολῑ́του, ὁ
citizen
δῆμος, δήμου, ὁ
(the) people
φόβος, φόβου, ὁ
fear
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο
(demonstrative adjective/pronoun) this; pl., these
ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόν
good
Ἀθηναῖος, Ἀθηηναίᾱ, Ἀθηναῖον
Athenian; masc. pl. subst., Athenians
δεινός, δεινή, δεινόν
fearsome, terrible (deeds, weapons, gods); marvelous, strange (men, love, birth); clever (with a skill)
neut. subst. common, sing. usu. w/art; pl. usu. w/o art.
pl. as obj. of verbs meaning “do”/”suffer”
subst. “terrible things” illegal, arbitrary conduct or treatment
δίκαιος, δικαίᾱ, δίκαιον
right, just
ἐχθρός, ἐχθρᾱ́, ἐχθρόν
hated, hateful (passive); hostile (active); masc. subst., enemy
dat. of ref. “to whom” a person or thing is hateful
ἔργα τῷ δικαίῳ ἐχθρά deeds hateful to the just man
Λακεδαιμόνιαι Ἑλένῃ ἐχξραί Spartan women hostile to Helen
κακός, κακή, κακόν
bad, evil
καλός, καλή, καλόν
beautiful; noble; fine
Λακεδαιμόνιος, Λακεδαιμονίᾱ, Λακεδαιμόνιον
Lacedaemonian, Spartan; masc. pl. subst., Lacedaemonians, Spartans
νόνος, νόνη, νόνον
only, alone non-attributive position. Sometimes Genitive of Separation & sometimes repeated for emphasis.
νόνοι οἱ θεοί only the gods/the gods alone
Ἑλένης νόνος (a man) alone from (apart from) Helen
σὺν τέκνοις νόνη νόνοις (a woman) alone with her children alone
σοφός, σοφή, σοφόν
wise
φίλος, φίλη, φίλον
(be)loved, dear (passive); loving, friendly (active); masc./fem. subst., friend; loved one. Dative of Reference to whom someone/something is dear or friendly.
ἀνθρωπον τοῖς θεοῖς φίλον a man dear to the gods
οἱ θεοὶ οἱ ἀνθρώποις φίλοι the gods friendly to men
ἄδικος, ἄδικον
unjust
compound adjective w/ only 2 sets of endings
ἀ- (alpha privative) “not” + root adjective = “not just”
ἀθάνατος, ἀθάνατον
deathless, immortal
compound adjective w/ only 2 sets of endings
ἀ- (alpha privative) “not” + root adjective = “not mortal”
ἀλλά
(conj.) but
adversative conjunction opposes/contrasts what precedes.
after negatives, “but rather”
οὐ/μὴ νόνον … ἀλλὰ (καὶ) … “not only … but (also) …”
narrative transitions/responses in dialogue “but yet” or “well”
ἀπό
(prep. + gen.) (away) from
cf. ἐκ ἀπό more remote ideas of distance & descent
χώρᾱ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης a land (at a distance) away from the sea
τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν ἀνθρώπους men (remotely) descended from the gods
departure/motion away from a place, sometimes indicating the starting point, source or cause of an action.
διά
(prep. + gen.) through (a place or thing)
διὰ τῆς χώρᾱς through the land
through (express agency w/persons & means w/things)
διὰ τῶν ἀθηναίων through (the agency of) the Athenians
διὰ καλῶν λόγων through (i.e. with) fine words
(prep. + acc.) on account of, because of
διὰ τὴν τῶν θεῶν βουλήν on account of the will of the gods
διὰ τὸν πόλεμον because of the war
ἤ
or
ἤ … ἤ …
either … or …
μή
(adv.) not – negates generic substantives
νόνον
(adv.) only
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
(adv.) not (negates specific substantives) next word starts with: consonant οὐ vowel/diphthong/smooth οὐκ vowel/diphthong/rough οὐχ οὔ when last word in clause/sentence τὸ τέκνον τὸ οὐ κακόν the not bad child οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ not in the house οὐχ ὅπλοις not with weapons
οὐ/μή νόνον … ἀλλά καί
not only … but also …
θάλασσα, θάλάσσης
sea, alternative Ionic, Thucydides, tragedians spelling
