Vocabulary Flashcards
Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area:
geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
Proctor Compaction Test:
Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
Baseline:
parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west layout of the US Survey system
Standard Parallels:
parallels between the baselines in the US Survey
Principal Meridian:
meridian (north-south line that follows longitude of earth) that serves as the basis for the north‐south grid layout of the US Survey
Guide meridian:
meridians between the principal meridians
Metes‐and‐bounds:
verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property until the point of the beginning is reached
(topography) Contour interval:
change in elevation between two contours. Smaller scaled maps typically have a larger interval for clarity.
(topography) Crown/Ridge:
contours point “down” toward the lower elevation
(topography) Swale/Valley:
contours point “up” towards the higher elevation
Swamp:
wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry‐land protrusions
Swale:
an elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually vegetated and is normally without flowing water.
Detention Pond:
low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location. They are more or less around for flood control when large amounts of rain could cause flash flooding if not dealt with properly
Retention Pond:
designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely. Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading to another location when the water level gets above the pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity
Riparian Rights:
system of rights and duties that determine the reasonable use, duties, and allocations of water to owners of waterfront property (includes bottomland, beach, and upland, but not the water itself). Owners can use water adjacent to their property, but can’t infringe upon the rights of others to use the water.!
Sheet Flow:
water that flows across paved surfaces.
Albedo:
how much radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where 0 is a flat black surface which absorbs all heat and 1 is a mirror (rate is listed as a fraction).
Conductivity:
the speed with which heat passes through a material. Metals are high, and soils/sand are low.
Macroclimate:
based on latitude, elevation, and proximity to water. Water reduces temperature extremes.
Microclimate:
based on solar radiation, the angle between the ground and altitude
Geodetic:
it is used for very large land areas. This survey takes into consideration the spherical shape of the earth, and describes large land areas with great precision.
Check:
24 mi. square bounded by parallels and meridians, divided into 16 townships
Township:
6 mi. on one side divided into 36 sections
Sections:
1 mi. square parcel of land containing 640 acres further divided into quarter sections. (Note: 1 acre = 43,560 ft)
Quarter Section:
.5 mi square further divided into four more parcels
Mothballing:
term used in historic preservation when you designate certain areas to be repaired or restored at a later date, under a later contract.
Adaptive Reuse:
process of adapting old structures for purposes other than those initially intended while retaining their historic features.
Preservation:
the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity and materials of an historic property.
Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation:
- Allow for new additions/alterations to be different from the older structure, but must be complementary in massing, size, scale, and architectural features
- Criteria must be met if Federal Tax Credits will be used
- Takes precedence over state/local regulations
- Clients may discover historical significance during site analysis.
- Archaeological activity and proper handling of structures/artifacts must take place.
Indigenous/Vernacular Architecture:
Specific to a time or place
Anthropomorphic:
relating to human characteristics
Fathom:
measure of the spread of arms
Room Data Sheets:
list all of the relationship requirements in a given room (eg: different rooms of a diagnostic imaging department have different needs, so each would have a sheet) and include layout, equipment, activity zones, lighting, temperature, and comfort requirements.
Assignable area:
the amount of area needed for uses in square feet used for gross area calculations
Gross Area =
Net Area (commonly used areas) + circulation (structure/mechanical/service)
Freestanding Furniture:
individual tables, chairs, case goods, that aren’t built in
Systems Furniture:
components that can be assembled, configured, and reconfigured to create workstations/workspaces. Includes panels, work surfaces, shelving, storage, and power&data support for computers/communication systems, and other equipment.
Reasons for FF&E Services
- To furnish a new space: using new or reconfiguring old for a space.
- To replace or upgrade existing FF&E: accommodate new/replace outdated technologies
- To refurbish existing furniture: restore antiques, refinish furniture instead of buying new
- To expedite FF&E procurement: get things in time for a fast track project
- To simplify FF&E procurement: assembles FF&E from multiple sources in one coherent package/one single point of sale.
Evaluate Client Needs (FF&E Programming Process)
Identify and document needs for all functional spaces including:
• Function and types of spaces (personal, common, support)
- Number of assigned staff
- Numbers of visitors
- Types and quantities of items to be stored
- Signage requirements
- Desired artwork and interior plantings
- Quantity, condition, and types of existing furniture to be reused
Prepare a Cost Estimate
- Line Item breakout of all FF&E to establish budget.
- Based on current prices of items comparable to those requested
- Client should approve budget before proceeding so architect has a benchmark for considering products.
Select Furniture
Decisions are based on:
• Function: what the client needs
• Durability: how long it should last
• Aesthetics: what will enhance the design
• Budget: how much the client can afford
• Style: what scale/size/proportion is appropriate for the space
3 types of specifications to choose from:
Proprietary (Closed) Spec: does not allow for substitution, and typically used to control aesthetics, function, and quality.
- Identify name, model number, finish type, and submittal requirement.
- Descriptive (Open) Spec: used in competitive bidding, and does not give level of control in closed spec.
- Describe characteristics, materials, finishes, workmanship, and fabrication of products and give list of comparable manufactures.
- Performance Spec: used with vendors who propose products they think will meet requirements
- Describe only the desired/required results. Give no characteristics or manufactures.
• Assemble Bid Package/Solicitation of Bids
- Typically a two week process for mid size projects (approx. 20,000 sf.)
- Allow three weeks for large projects (100+ workstations)
- Include site factors, elevator access, building access, dumpster/recycling use.
- Award bid to a single dealer, or divvy up to different furniture, equipment, fixture providers
Administer Contract
- Owner/Supplier enter into their own contract (much like Owner/Contractor agreement)
- Supplier sends shop drawings/submittals to architect for review and approval
- Purchase orders are sent directly to the owner for payment, architect is copied on all correspondence and notified of any issues (long lead time, discontinued items, etc)
- Architect helps establish installation schedule and arranges for punch list.
Oversee Ordering Phase (furniture acquisition process task)
• Review supplier’s bid compared to furniture plan/spec to verify consistency
- Review detailed furniture systems list
- Review invoices and recommend payment (much like pay app process)
• Review submittals for finish/fabric selections
Oversee Tracking/Scheduling Phase (furniture acquisition process task)
- Check acknowledgment for accuracy and complements
- Record estimated delivery dates
- Recommend substitutions/change for products with long lead time that might affect move-in date.
- Coordinate delivery/installation schedule to ensure installation into the completed space or to arrange storage in secure (and bonded) temporary warehouse or storage area.
Amortization:
decreasing or accounting for an amount over a period of time.
Developer Impact Fee:
- used to fund infrastructure needed to support new developments.
- Paid by developers…who generally look to develop areas with lowest fee.
Debt Service:
- An additional, long term cost to the owner, to pay off the construction loan for a project.
- Typically not included in the original project cost.
Eminent Domain:
- power of the state to take private property without owner’s consent, but with fair market value of the land compensation.
- Must be used government or public development (highways, railroads, civic center), economic development, or to mandate an easement for access (public utilities, right of way).
Party Wall Agreement:
-an agreement on if and how to carry out building work on a wall that is shared by two people who each own their respective property. (typically whoever originally builds first “owns” the party wall).
Deed Restrictions:
-place limitations on the use of the property, typically by original developers, who determined what land would be used for (live, work, or play) and can’t be changed by future owners.
Affirmative Covenant:
commits a buyer to performing duties in the future (e.g. will make payments for common charges in a condo)
Conditional Covenant:
If restriction is violated or disregared, the land will rever back to original owners/heirs.
Joint Tenancy:
each tenant has a share in the whole development which passes to survivors after death
Partnership:
a business built on the shares of partners. After the death of one, the partnership may be dissolved and asses are distributed to remaining partners/estate of deceased.
Corporation:
a business independent of shareholders. After the death of one, thier shares pass on and do not affect the business.
Trustee:
a person or company who hold holds property or authority for the benefit of another (eg: 401(k), will, charity, etc).
Fee Simple/Fee Absolute:
the most common form of real estate title in which the owner has “absolute ownership” (taxes, easements, deed/covenant restrictions apply) and can do whatever they want with their property.
Condo:
sole ownership of property, and shared ownership of common elements (hallways, lobbies, meeting rooms, pools, etc).
Co-Op:
ownership of a number of shares of stock of a corporation that owns land
Leasehold:
aka rental agreement, where a person owns a temporary right to land or property for a determined period of time. Sometime sublet is allowed.
Sale and Leaseback:
owner sells property and then leases it back long-term at a fixed rate, in order to raise money by offloading a property to someone who wants to make a long term investment. Typically done for tax purposes.
Cardo and Decumanus:
the two major streets in a Roman town, perpendicular
Loop Road:
a collector/distributor road into a shopping center
Shakkei:
Japanese landscape technique to visually extend the foreground into the distance and surrounding context and blend new construction into it to blend the 3 together
Golden Section:
renaissance concept where a whole is divided so that the smaller part has the same relationship to the larger part, as the larger part has to the whole.
1:1.618
Precinctual:
dispersed activities likely with no center or core. Growth happens in any and all directions, and is flexible efficient, and economical
Concentric:
a business center in the core with concentric rings outwards. Rings blend into one another, from Original Business Center > old housing/factories > circa 1900’s suburbs (streetcar suburbs) > post world war II suburbs (low density sprawl)
