Jenny's Notes Flashcards
Programming Statement:
states the problem. no solution or strategy given
Design Concept:
gives a physical/design solution for a problem
Functional Program:
owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Facilities Program:
Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark costs and site analysis
Programming is comprised of four components:
- Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do) • Form: site, structure, existing components
- Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
- Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
difference between programming and designing
Programming finds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
the main purposes and goals of programming are to…
…
- Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so there’s less conflict.
- Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Programming Process
- Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
- Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes, budget, expenses, project specific information
- Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the design process
- Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?) • State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
One acre =
43,560 square feet
what part of a sloped hill is best suited for a building?
Midway on a hill is best (top is too windy, fog/cold air settles in valley)
• Location Factors for Construction:
suburban:
urban:
rural:
• Suburban areas: lowest costs for development and connected to urban areas
- Urban areas: highest costs for development (due to labor rates)
- Rural areas: variable cost based on access and existing transportation
Site Surveys: There are 3 types you can get:
1) Preliminary: basic for preparation of architectural drawings
2) Construction: precise condition of site and adjacent structures, bench marks
3) Possession: records completed development
Site and building survey types come in 2 forms :
1) Geodetic: precise, follows spherical shape of the earth
2) Plane: more common, assumes a flat plane of the earth (Aerial Photography (Google earth type images), City, Construction (includes markers), Hydrographic (oceans, rivers, lakes, etc), Land (a description of the site), Topographic (elevations, slopes), Route (roads and utility lines)
Building Surveys: For existing buildings, there are 3 types you can get:
1) Field Measurements: taken by hand
2) Laser Scanning: remotely measure existing spaces (quick)
3) Photogrammetry: establish control points and hand survey to get base coordinate system (takes much longer than laser scanning)
How to determine the Land Value
It’s calculated by the relation to the use that yields the highest return for the site
1) Comparison Method: compared to other similar parcels (can be applied to all categories of use) and is the most accurate if current data is available.
2) Development Method: when comparisons aren’t available, use estimates to determine the selling price of lot, cost to develop, time to develop, and net sale price.
3) Residual/Income Approach Method: used in highly developed areas by estimating potential income from improvements that yield the highest return (highest & best use)
4) Allocation Method: used to determine value of improved properties by deducting the value of site improvements to get the value of the land.
4 types of soil:
1) Gravel: well drained and able to bear loads (+2 mm)
2) Sand: well drained and can serve as foundation when graded (0.5 - 2 mm)
3) Silt: stable when dry, swells when frozen, do not use when wet (.002 - .05 mm)
4) Clay: must be removed, too stiff whe dry and too plastic when wet ( < .002 mm)
Bearing Capacity:
max pressure a foundation soil can take with harmful settlement
bearing capacity of the following:
bedrock
well graded gravel/sand
compacted sand/fill
silt/clay
bedrock = 10,000 psf
well graded gravel/sand = 3,000 - 12,000 psf
compacted sand/fill = 2,000 - 3,000 osf
silt/clay = 1,000 - 4,000 psf
Where should soil borings take place on a site:
- locations depend on nature of the building and should be 20’-0” past firm strata
- Open warehouses: one in each corner and one in the middle
- Large structures: 50’-0” spacing
- Uniform conditions: 100 - 500’ spacing
Spread Footing:
-Most economical
method.
-Delivers load directly to soil.
-Area of the footing = load/safe bearing
capacity.
Mat Foundations:
-Very expensive…$$$
method.
-Typically it’s only used when the
strata is weak, and it acts as one
continuous foundation.
Belled Caissons:
-holes are drilled to firm
strata and concrete poured.
-They’re
basically really, really deep spread
footings!
Socketed Caissons:
-like Belled
Caissons, but the hole is drilled deep into
the strata.
-Bearing capacity comes from end baring and frictional forces.
End Bearing Piles:
- 2-3x cost of spread footings.
- Driven until tip meets firm resistance from strata
Friction Pile:
- Driven into softer soil.
- Friction transmits the load between pile and soil.
- bearing capacity is limited by whichever is weaker: the strength of the pile or the soil
xeriscaping
- landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental water from irrigation.
- It is promoted in regions that do not have easily accessible, plentiful, or reliable supplies of fresh water, and is gaining acceptance in other areas as water becomes more limiting.
