Vocabulary Flashcards by sophie courville

Name of the cpasule around the liver

Glisson’s capsule

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Canal of Hering

Cholangiole

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Secretion of D-cells in the pancreas?

Somatostatins

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Layer of tunica muscularis in urinary bladder?

Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

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Composition of myelin

Phospholipids
Spingolipids
Myelin (lipoprotein)

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Enzymes at the microvilli of the SI?

Disaccharidase
Dipeptidase
Enterokinase (Trypsinogen → Trypsin)
Alkaline Phosphatase

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Endocrine cells in the SI vs Stomach

Stomach → Argentaffin cells →

SI → Enteroendocrine cells → Cholecystokinin

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Oxyntic cells

Parietal cells in the gastric region of the stomach

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Disease caused by malfunction of parietal cells?

Atrophic gastritis
Pernicious anemia

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Glycoproteins forming the ground substance of bone?

Sialoprotein
Osteocalcin

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HERS

Hertwig epithelial root sheath → in tooth development
- Form cervical loop/ Crown-root junction
- Joining of IDE and ODE

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Disease du to problem in collagen synthesis?

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (smooth muscle cells reticular fibers)

Aneurysm → weakening blood vessels

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Staining for elastic fibers

Masson’s Trichrome

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Glycoprotein side sugar

N - Gluc - Gluc - Man - 2x (Man - Gluc - Gal - Sa)

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Glycoproteins fround in BM of the skin

Fibronectin → PM of epithelial cells - Heparin Sulfate
Nidogen-1 (Entactin) → small, essential component of BMs
Laminin → Epithelial cells - BM

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Disease which involves the development of an Ab against ACh?

Myastenia Gravis

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Where is tubulin found?

a and b tubulin → form microtubules

1 microtubule = 13 protofilaments of a/b tubulin

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Acetyl Cholinesterase

Found in the synaptic cleft
ACh → Acetate + Choline → detaches from ACh receptor + reinternalized into the pre-synaptic terminal

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Proteins in the terminal web + tip of microvilli

Terminal web → Myosin + Actin
Tip of the microvilli → Villin

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Gastrin

Secreted by Argentaffin cells in the gastric region of the stomach → binds to its receptor on parietal cells to stimulate secretion of gastric acid

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Thyroid hormone vs Parathyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone (T3, T4) → regulates metabolism, growth and development
- Liver converts T4 → more potent T3

PTH → increases [Ca]

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Cholecystokinin vs Secretin

Both produced in the duodenum:

CCK → stimulates pancreatic enzymatic secretion + contraction of gall bladder (to release bile)

Secretin → Stimulates pancreas to secrete H2O and HCO3- rich fluid to neutralize acidic chyme

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Renin

Released by Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney:
Angiotensin → Angiotensin I

Angiotensin is produced in the liver
*Angiotensin II:
- Constriction of renal afferent arterioles
- Stimulate Na reabsorption in PCT

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Tonofilaments

Intermediate filaments found in epithelial cells
- binding to hemidesmosomes in
BP proteins form the plaque

*Formed of keratin proteins and vimentin

IF in smooth muscles are formed of desmin and vimentin instead

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Where is the blood-air barrier found?

In the lungs

Plicae circularis other name

Valves of Kerkring

Link between Proteoglycan core and GAG

Serine - Xylose - Galactose - Galactose - GAG

Which hormones are in argentaffin granules in the stomach?

- Glucagon - Serotonin - Somatostatins - Histamine - Gastrin - VIP *Small granule cells in the respiratory epithelium also stain for Argentaffin (Neuroendocrine)

Kartagener's syndrome

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Tissue containing reticular fibers

- Adipose tissue - Basement membranes - Endothelium - Sinusoids -

Diseases associated with taste bud dysfunction

Familial Dysautomia Phenyl Thiocarbamide (PTC)

Bollous Pemphigoid

Hemidesmosomes (skin)

Lecithin

Phospholipid found in the lamellar bodies of pneumocytes type II

In what cells is carbonic anhydrase found?

1. Parietal cells 2. Osteoclasts 3. RBCs for CO2 transport

3. Which is correct about regular bronchioles? a) Epithelium contains ciliated and non-ciliated cells b) Mucous glands are present c) Elastic fibers are present d) Plates of cartilage are absent e) Smooth muscle forms a continuous layer in its wall

c) Elastic fibers are present d) Plates of cartilage are absent e) Smooth muscle forms a continuous layer in its wall (2 layers)

Brunner's gands mucous or serous?

alkaline MUCOUS

Which cells in the lungs have endocytic vesicles?

Pneumocytes type 1 → for maintaining alveolar fluid balance Endothelial cells Pneumocytes type 2 → recycle surfactant proteins Macrophage *Clathrin-coated vesicles (Club cells too)

7. Calcified cartilage of the mixed spicules contains the following except: a. Chondroitin sulfate b. Type II collagen c. Calcium phosphate d. Chondrocytes e. Glycoproteins (Chondronectin)

d. Chondrocytes (have undergone apoptosis already) *Calcium phosphate is deposited during the calcification process, marking the transition of cartilage to bone.

Compact lamellar bone in the diaphysis of long bones in adults contains the follwoing cells except: a) Chondrocytes b) Osteoclasts c) Endothelial cells of vessels d) Osteoblasts e) Osteocytes

a) Chondrocytes Osteoclasts → found along the endosteum and periosteum (for bone remodelling) Osteocytes → in lacunae, communicate with other cells via canaliculi Osteoblasts → found along the endosteum and periosteum (for bone remodelling)

What are the epithelium of the following structures? Intercalated duct of the pancreas Cholangiole Alveolar duct PCT Duct of the sweat gland

Intercalated duct of the pancreas → simple cuboidal Cholangiole → simple cuboidal Duct of sweat gland → stratified cuboidal Alveolar duct PCT → Simple cuboidal with brush border

The following cells are found in the crypts of leiberkühn of the colon except: a) Enteroendocrine cells b) Paneth cells c) Oligomucous cells d) Striated border cells (absorptive) e) Crypt base cells

Paneth cells → only in small intestine

The following structures have collagen except: a) Alveolar bone b) Dentin c) Cementum d) Enamel e) Periodontal Ligament

d) Enamel → hardest substance in the body, 99% crystals of hydroxylapatite (crystalized form of Ca phosphate) PL → dense regular CT, collagen I, III AB → type I Cementum → Collagen + glycoproteins + inorganic material Dentin → 90% of ECM = type I collagen (a bit of III), 70% or ground substance = hydroxyapatite, 30% = organic matrix (proteoglycan, glycoprotein, collagen type I)

A Muscularis mucosa is present in the following location except: a) Pylorus b) Duodenum c) Esophagus d) Colon e) Trachea

e) Trachea

Which of the following pairs is related? Duodenum - surface mucous cells Presynaptic membrane - acetyl choline receptor Visceral layer - podocytes Macula densa - PCT Schwann cells - myelin in CNS

Visceral layer - podocytes

The following structures traverse the Muscularis mucosa of the small intestine proper(jejunum and ileum) to reach the lamina propria except: a) Arterioles b) Brunner’s gland c) Nerve fibers d) Venules e) Lymphatics

b) Burnner's glands → only in the duodenum

The following statements concerning hepatocytes are correct except: a) Their sinusoidal surfaces show microvilli b) There are gap junctions at their interface c) They contain abundant SER d) Their plasma membrane is associated with a BM e) Their plasma membrane from bile canaliculi

d) Their plasma membrane is associated with a BM → no BM associated with sinusoids and hepatocytes + space of Disse *Hepatocytes do have gap junctions

Which regions of the GI tract have goblet cells?

1. NOT the Esophagus 2. NOT in stomach 3. SI 4. Large intestin/colon

Dendrites contain the following elements except: a) Nissl bodies b) SER c) Golgi d) Mitochondria e) Microtubules

c) Golgi

In adults, which of the following cells are NOT capable of cell division: a) Small lymphocytes b) Chondrocytes c) Endothelial cells d) Neurons e) Fibroblasts f) Osteocytes g) Fibrocytes h) Chondrocytes

d) Neurons f) Osteocytes g) Fibrocytes except if reactivated (ex: wound healing)

The following statements concerning post-capillary venules are correct except: a) Endothelial cells are associated with a continuous BM b) Pericytes are usually associates with the endothelium c) There are reticular fibers immediately surrounding the vessel d) Occluding tight junctions are present at the interface of adjacent endothelial cells e) Their diameter is larger than 20 micrometers.

e) Their diameter is larger than 20 micrometers. They are actually 10-30 um in diameter *Reticular fibers in the media

Bouin’s fluid consists of all of the following except: a) acetic acid b) picric acid c) mercuric chloride d) formaldehyde e) water

c) mercuric chloride

Which of the following is used as a fixative in EM? a) Formalin b) Picric acid c) Water d) Glutaraldehyde e) Mercuric chloride

d) Glutaraldehyde

What are 3 examples of zymogenic granules

1. Salivary glands → Amylase, Lysozyme, IgA, Lactoferrin 2. Exocrine pancreas → Trypsinogen, Pro-elastase, Pro-Carboxypeptidase, Pro-phospholipase A1 Lipase, RNAase, DNAase, Amylase *stimulated by CCK 3. Chief cells/Zymogenic cells → pepsinogen, lipase

Gastrin

Secreted by argentaffin cells in the stomach (endocrine secretion) → Promotes secretion of HCl from parietal cells

Desmin Vimentin

Desmin = component of intermediate filaments in all muscles cells Vimentin = component only in vascular smooth muscles

Layers of Tunica Muscularis through the GI tract

2 layers every where: - Internal circular - External longitudinal Esophagus → SkM → Both → Oblique SM Stomach → Inner Oblique // Middle Circular // External longitudinal Colon → Teniae Coli = outer longitudinal

Layers of muscularis mucosa through the GI tract

Esophagus → 1 thin longitudinal layer Stomach → inner circular // outer longitudinal SI → inner circular // outer longitudinal Colon → inner circular // outer longitudinal

The following structures contain elastic cartilage except: a) Arterioles b) Lungs c) Some cartilage d) Epiphyseal plate e) Muscular artery

d) Epiphyseal plate

The following channels are lined with a simple columnar epithelium except: a) Interlobular duct of the pancreas b) Striated duct c) Regular duct d) Gastric glands e) Bile duct

e) Bile duct

The following glands and cells contain zymogenic granules except: a) Chief cells b) Exocrine Pancreas c) Paneth cells d) Parietal cells e) Parotid gland

d) Parietal cells → no enzymes Zymogenic granules are secretory granules in cells that produce enzymes/pro-enzyme *Paneth cells do contain zymogenic granules rich in antimicrobial enzymes (ex: lysozymes)

Where are all the places a-actinin can be found?

Z-line Dense bodies Zonula adherens (with vinculin) → Intercalated disk = zonula adherens at the Z-line!!! *NOT Tight Junctions (ZO-1)

What tight junctions allow anchoring of the terminal web?

Zonula adherens (Cadherins) *a-actinin + vinculin Terminal web = myosin + actin

Which of the following have myoepithelial cells? a) Serous acini of salivary glands b) exocrine pancreas c) Secretory sweat gland d) GI tract e) Serous acini in the trachea f) Mucous acini

a) Serous acini of salivary glands c) Secretory sweat gland e) Serous acini in the trachea *ALSO HAVE BM