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ANAT 261 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the cpasule around the liver

A

Glisson’s capsule

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1
Q

Canal of Hering

A

Cholangiole

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2
Q

Secretion of D-cells in the pancreas?

A

Somatostatins

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3
Q

Layer of tunica muscularis in urinary bladder?

A

Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

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4
Q

Composition of myelin

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Spingolipids
  • Myelin (lipoprotein)
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5
Q

Enzymes at the microvilli of the SI?

A
  • Disaccharidase
  • Dipeptidase
  • Enterokinase (Trypsinogen → Trypsin)
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
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6
Q

Endocrine cells in the SI vs Stomach

A

Stomach → Argentaffin cells →

SI → Enteroendocrine cells → Cholecystokinin

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7
Q

Oxyntic cells

A

Parietal cells in the gastric region of the stomach

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8
Q

Disease caused by malfunction of parietal cells?

A

Atrophic gastritis
Pernicious anemia

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9
Q

Glycoproteins forming the ground substance of bone?

A
  • Sialoprotein
  • Osteocalcin
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10
Q

HERS

A

Hertwig epithelial root sheath → in tooth development
- Form cervical loop/ Crown-root junction
- Joining of IDE and ODE

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11
Q

Disease du to problem in collagen synthesis?

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (smooth muscle cells reticular fibers)

Aneurysm → weakening blood vessels

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12
Q

Staining for elastic fibers

A

Masson’s Trichrome

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13
Q

Glycoprotein side sugar

A

N - Gluc - Gluc - Man - 2x (Man - Gluc - Gal - Sa)

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14
Q

Glycoproteins fround in BM of the skin

A

Fibronectin → PM of epithelial cells - Heparin Sulfate
Nidogen-1 (Entactin) → small, essential component of BMs
Laminin → Epithelial cells - BM

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15
Q

Disease which involves the development of an Ab against ACh?

A

Myastenia Gravis

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16
Q

Where is tubulin found?

A

a and b tubulin → form microtubules

  • 1 microtubule = 13 protofilaments of a/b tubulin
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17
Q

Acetyl Cholinesterase

A

Found in the synaptic cleft
ACh → Acetate + Choline → detaches from ACh receptor + reinternalized into the pre-synaptic terminal

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18
Q

Proteins in the terminal web + tip of microvilli

A

Terminal web → Myosin + Actin
Tip of the microvilli → Villin

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19
Q

Gastrin

A

Secreted by Argentaffin cells in the gastric region of the stomach → binds to its receptor on parietal cells to stimulate secretion of gastric acid

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20
Q

Thyroid hormone vs Parathyroid hormone

A

Thyroid hormone (T3, T4) → regulates metabolism, growth and development
- Liver converts T4 → more potent T3

PTH → increases [Ca]

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21
Q

Cholecystokinin vs Secretin

A

Both produced in the duodenum:

CCK → stimulates pancreatic enzymatic secretion + contraction of gall bladder (to release bile)

Secretin → Stimulates pancreas to secrete H2O and HCO3- rich fluid to neutralize acidic chyme

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22
Q

Renin

A

Released by Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney:
Angiotensin → Angiotensin I

Angiotensin is produced in the liver
*Angiotensin II:
- Constriction of renal afferent arterioles
- Stimulate Na reabsorption in PCT

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23
Q

Tonofilaments

A

Intermediate filaments found in epithelial cells
- binding to hemidesmosomes in
BP proteins form the plaque

*Formed of keratin proteins and vimentin

IF in smooth muscles are formed of desmin and vimentin instead

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24
Q

Where is the blood-air barrier found?

A

In the lungs

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25
Q

Plicae circularis other name

A

Valves of Kerkring

26
Q

Link between Proteoglycan core and GAG

A

Serine - Xylose - Galactose - Galactose - GAG

27
Q

Which hormones are in argentaffin granules in the stomach?

A
  • Glucagon
  • Serotonin
  • Somatostatins
  • Histamine
  • Gastrin
  • VIP

*Small granule cells in the respiratory epithelium also stain for Argentaffin (Neuroendocrine)

28
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

29
Q

Tissue containing reticular fibers

A
  • Adipose tissue
  • Basement membranes
  • Endothelium
  • ## Sinusoids
30
Q

Diseases associated with taste bud dysfunction

A

Familial Dysautomia

Phenyl Thiocarbamide (PTC)

31
Q

Bollous Pemphigoid

A

Hemidesmosomes (skin)

32
Q

Lecithin

A

Phospholipid found in the lamellar bodies of pneumocytes type II

33
Q

In what cells is carbonic anhydrase found?

A
  1. Parietal cells
  2. Osteoclasts
  3. RBCs for CO2 transport
34
Q
  1. Which is correct about regular bronchioles?
    a) Epithelium contains ciliated and non-ciliated cells
    b) Mucous glands are present
    c) Elastic fibers are present
    d) Plates of cartilage are absent
    e) Smooth muscle forms a continuous layer in its wall
A

c) Elastic fibers are present
d) Plates of cartilage are absent
e) Smooth muscle forms a continuous layer in its wall (2 layers)

35
Q

Brunner’s gands mucous or serous?

A

alkaline MUCOUS

36
Q

Which cells in the lungs have endocytic vesicles?

A

Pneumocytes type 1 → for maintaining alveolar fluid balance
Endothelial cells
Pneumocytes type 2 → recycle surfactant proteins
Macrophage

*Clathrin-coated vesicles

(Club cells too)

37
Q
  1. Calcified cartilage of the mixed spicules contains the following except:
    a. Chondroitin sulfate
    b. Type II collagen
    c. Calcium phosphate
    d. Chondrocytes
    e. Glycoproteins (Chondronectin)
A

d. Chondrocytes (have undergone apoptosis already)

*Calcium phosphate is deposited during the calcification process, marking the transition of cartilage to bone.

38
Q

Compact lamellar bone in the diaphysis of long bones in adults contains the follwoing cells except:
a) Chondrocytes
b) Osteoclasts
c) Endothelial cells of vessels
d) Osteoblasts
e) Osteocytes

A

a) Chondrocytes

Osteoclasts → found along the endosteum and periosteum (for bone remodelling)
Osteocytes → in lacunae, communicate with other cells via canaliculi
Osteoblasts → found along the endosteum and periosteum (for bone remodelling)

39
Q

What are the epithelium of the following structures?
Intercalated duct of the pancreas
Cholangiole
Alveolar duct
PCT
Duct of the sweat gland

A

Intercalated duct of the pancreas → simple cuboidal
Cholangiole → simple cuboidal
Duct of sweat gland → stratified cuboidal
Alveolar duct
PCT → Simple cuboidal with brush border

40
Q

The following cells are found in the crypts of leiberkühn of the colon except:
a) Enteroendocrine cells
b) Paneth cells
c) Oligomucous cells
d) Striated border cells (absorptive)
e) Crypt base cells

A

Paneth cells → only in small intestine

41
Q

The following structures have collagen except:
a) Alveolar bone
b) Dentin
c) Cementum
d) Enamel
e) Periodontal Ligament

A

d) Enamel → hardest substance in the body, 99% crystals of hydroxylapatite (crystalized form of Ca phosphate)

PL → dense regular CT, collagen I, III
AB → type I
Cementum → Collagen + glycoproteins + inorganic material
Dentin → 90% of ECM = type I collagen (a bit of III), 70% or ground substance = hydroxyapatite, 30% = organic matrix (proteoglycan, glycoprotein, collagen type I)

42
Q

A Muscularis mucosa is present in the following location except:
a) Pylorus
b) Duodenum
c) Esophagus
d) Colon
e) Trachea

A

e) Trachea

43
Q

Which of the following pairs is related?
Duodenum - surface mucous cells
Presynaptic membrane - acetyl choline receptor
Visceral layer - podocytes
Macula densa - PCT
Schwann cells - myelin in CNS

A

Visceral layer - podocytes

44
Q

The following structures traverse the Muscularis mucosa of the small intestine proper(jejunum and ileum) to reach the lamina propria
except:
a) Arterioles
b) Brunner’s gland
c) Nerve fibers
d) Venules
e) Lymphatics

A

b) Burnner’s glands → only in the duodenum

45
Q

The following statements concerning hepatocytes are correct except:
a) Their sinusoidal surfaces show microvilli
b) There are gap junctions at their interface
c) They contain abundant SER
d) Their plasma membrane is associated with a BM
e) Their plasma membrane from bile canaliculi

A

d) Their plasma membrane is associated with a BM → no BM associated with sinusoids and hepatocytes + space of Disse

*Hepatocytes do have gap junctions

46
Q

Which regions of the GI tract have goblet cells?

A
  1. NOT the Esophagus
  2. NOT in stomach
  3. SI
  4. Large intestin/colon
47
Q

Dendrites contain the following elements except:
a) Nissl bodies
b) SER
c) Golgi
d) Mitochondria
e) Microtubules

A

c) Golgi

48
Q

In adults, which of the following cells are NOT capable of cell division:
a) Small lymphocytes
b) Chondrocytes
c) Endothelial cells
d) Neurons
e) Fibroblasts
f) Osteocytes
g) Fibrocytes
h) Chondrocytes

A

d) Neurons
f) Osteocytes
g) Fibrocytes except if reactivated (ex: wound healing)

49
Q

The following statements concerning post-capillary venules are correct except:
a) Endothelial cells are associated with a continuous BM
b) Pericytes are usually associates with the endothelium
c) There are reticular fibers immediately surrounding the vessel
d) Occluding tight junctions are present at the interface of adjacent endothelial cells
e) Their diameter is larger than 20 micrometers.

A

e) Their diameter is larger than 20 micrometers.
They are actually 10-30 um in diameter

*Reticular fibers in the media

50
Q

Bouin’s fluid consists of all of the following except:
a) acetic acid
b) picric acid
c) mercuric chloride
d) formaldehyde
e) water

A

c) mercuric chloride

51
Q

Which of the following is used as a fixative in EM?
a) Formalin
b) Picric acid
c) Water
d) Glutaraldehyde
e) Mercuric chloride

A

d) Glutaraldehyde

52
Q

What are 3 examples of zymogenic granules

A
  1. Salivary glands → Amylase, Lysozyme, IgA, Lactoferrin
  2. Exocrine pancreas → Trypsinogen, Pro-elastase, Pro-Carboxypeptidase, Pro-phospholipase A1
    Lipase, RNAase, DNAase, Amylase
    *stimulated by CCK
  3. Chief cells/Zymogenic cells → pepsinogen, lipase
53
Q

Gastrin

A

Secreted by argentaffin cells in the stomach (endocrine secretion)
→ Promotes secretion of HCl from parietal cells

54
Q

Desmin
Vimentin

A

Desmin = component of intermediate filaments in all muscles cells
Vimentin = component only in vascular smooth muscles

55
Q

Layers of Tunica Muscularis through the GI tract

A

2 layers every where:
- Internal circular
- External longitudinal

Esophagus → SkM → Both → Oblique SM
Stomach → Inner Oblique // Middle Circular // External longitudinal

Colon → Teniae Coli = outer longitudinal

56
Q

Layers of muscularis mucosa through the GI tract

A

Esophagus → 1 thin longitudinal layer
Stomach → inner circular // outer longitudinal
SI → inner circular // outer longitudinal
Colon → inner circular // outer longitudinal

57
Q

The following structures contain elastic cartilage except:
a) Arterioles
b) Lungs
c) Some cartilage
d) Epiphyseal plate
e) Muscular artery

A

d) Epiphyseal plate

58
Q

The following channels are lined with a simple columnar epithelium except:
a) Interlobular duct of the pancreas
b) Striated duct
c) Regular duct
d) Gastric glands
e) Bile duct

A

e) Bile duct

59
Q

The following glands and cells contain zymogenic granules except:
a) Chief cells
b) Exocrine Pancreas
c) Paneth cells
d) Parietal cells
e) Parotid gland

A

d) Parietal cells → no enzymes

Zymogenic granules are secretory granules in cells that produce enzymes/pro-enzyme

*Paneth cells do contain zymogenic granules rich in antimicrobial enzymes (ex: lysozymes)

60
Q

Where are all the places a-actinin can be found?

A

Z-line
Dense bodies
Zonula adherens (with vinculin)
→ Intercalated disk = zonula adherens at the Z-line!!!

*NOT Tight Junctions (ZO-1)

61
Q

What tight junctions allow anchoring of the terminal web?

A

Zonula adherens (Cadherins)

*a-actinin + vinculin

Terminal web = myosin + actin

62
Q

Which of the following have myoepithelial cells?
a) Serous acini of salivary glands
b) exocrine pancreas
c) Secretory sweat gland
d) GI tract
e) Serous acini in the trachea
f) Mucous acini

A

a) Serous acini of salivary glands
c) Secretory sweat gland
e) Serous acini in the trachea

*ALSO HAVE BM

ANAT 261 (22 decks)

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