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ANAT 261 > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple
Compound (Stratified or pseudostratified)

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3
Q

What are glands derived from?

A

Derived from invagination of the epithelial surface

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4
Q

What are the possible classification of glands by function?

A

Endocrine → hormones are secreted into the blood (no structure?)
Exocrine → secretion onto skin surface

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5
Q

What are the different gland classifications by shape?

A
  1. Simple vs Compound duct structure (duct branches or not)
  2. Tubular secretory structure or Alveolar secretory structure

→ Simple tubular // Simple branched tubular
→ Simple alveolar // Simple branched alveolar
→ Compound tubular
→ Compound alveolar // Compound tubuloalveolar

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6
Q

What are the types of exocrine gland classification by secretion method?

A
  1. Merocrine Secretion → secretory vesicles fuse to the membrane and release contents
  2. Apocrine Secretion → Pinched off portion of cell is the secretion (regenration of that part)
  3. Holocrine Secretion → mature cell dies and beomces the secretory product
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7
Q

What are the type of exocrine gland classifications by type of secretory products?

A
  1. Serous glands → watery, protein-rich fluid
  2. Mucous glands → viscous, carbohydrate-rich
  3. Sebaceous glands → lipid/oil
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8
Q

How are sweat gland classified?
(Using the 4 categorization class)

A
  1. Exocrine gland
  2. Simple coiled tubular gland
  3. Merocrine secretion → found almost all over the body, also known as eccrine sweat glands (some apocrine sweat glands in specific places)
  4. Serous glands

They are lined by a Basement Membrane

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9
Q

What is the duct of a gland?
What layer of the skin is it in for sweat glands?

A

It is the excretory portion of the gland
→ In the Dermis for sweat glands

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10
Q

What parts of sweat glands are in which part of the skin?

A

Dermis →Duct (excretory portion)
Hypodermis → Secretory portion (lighter pink) [+ Adipose tissue]

Because of plan of section, the duct can appear in the hypodermis, but it is not how it is really

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11
Q

What are the white circles in the dermis?

A

Venules

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12
Q

What are the differences between the secretory portion and ductal portion of sweat glands?

A

Ductal portion:
- Cell size is small
- 2 cell layer (BM - luminal basal cells - luminal cells - lumen)
- Darkly stained
- Small diameter
- NOT surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Secretory portion:
- Cell size is larger
- 1 cell layer (with clear and darker cells)
- Lightly stained
- Larger diameter
- Surrounded by myoepithelial cells (between single cell layer and BM)
- Coil shape

Both have lumen in the middle, both surrounded by basement membrane

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13
Q

What is the structure of the cells in the secretory portion of sweat glands?

A

Outside → Inside:
BM - Myoepithelial cells - Clear and Dark cells - Secretory lumen

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14
Q

What is the structure of the cells in the ductal portion of sweat glands?

A

Outside → Inside:
BM - Basal cells - Luminal cells - Ductal lumen

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Hair?
(How is that structure classified by name)

A

Elongated, Obliquely oriented, Keratinized structure

  • Derived by an invagination of the epithelium called hair follicle
  • Lined by a basement membrane
  • Ends in a bulb (with a core CT called dermal papilla)
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16
Q

What part of the skin are Hair bulb and sebaceous glands in?

A

In the dermis, but they don’t cross the BM as the hair follicle is an invagination of the epidermis → BM is under it

17
Q

What are the characteristics of sebaceous glands?

A
  • Found in the dermis at the point where internal root sheath ends
  • Lined by BM
  • Holocrine secretion
  • Secretes a product called sebum
  • The gland uses the space where the internal root sheath was as a duct
18
Q

What are the cells composing the sebaceous glands?

A
  • Basal cells (outside, rest on connective tissue)
  • Secretory cells (have large vacuoles)
19
Q

what is the name of the muscle responsible for the rising of the hair?

A

Arrector pili muscle

20
Q

Which cells have trichohyalin granules?

A

The cells of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle

21
Q

What are the 4 classification parameters for glands?

A
  1. Where does the secreted substance go? (function)
  2. What is the shape of the gland?
  3. What is the method of secretion?
  4. What does the gland secrete?

ANAT 261 (21 decks)

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