Labs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple
Compound (Stratified or pseudostratified)

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3
Q

What are glands derived from?

A

Derived from invagination of the epithelial surface

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4
Q

What are the possible classification of glands by function?

A

Endocrine → hormones are secreted into the blood (no structure?)
Exocrine → secretion onto skin surface

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5
Q

What are the different gland classifications by shape?

A
  1. Simple vs Compound duct structure (duct branches or not)
  2. Tubular secretory structure or Alveolar secretory structure

→ Simple tubular // Simple branched tubular
→ Simple alveolar // Simple branched alveolar
→ Compound tubular
→ Compound alveolar // Compound tubuloalveolar

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6
Q

What are the types of exocrine gland classification by secretion method?

A
  1. Merocrine Secretion → secretory vesicles fuse to the membrane and release contents
  2. Apocrine Secretion → Pinched off portion of cell is the secretion (regenration of that part)
  3. Holocrine Secretion → mature cell dies and beomces the secretory product
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7
Q

What are the type of exocrine gland classifications by type of secretory products?

A
  1. Serous glands → watery, protein-rich fluid
  2. Mucous glands → viscous, carbohydrate-rich
  3. Sebaceous glands → lipid/oil
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8
Q

How are sweat gland classified?
(Using the 4 categorization class)

A
  1. Exocrine gland
  2. Simple coiled tubular gland
  3. Merocrine secretion → found almost all over the body, also known as eccrine sweat glands (some apocrine sweat glands in specific places)
  4. Serous glands

They are lined by a Basement Membrane

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9
Q

What is the duct of a gland?
What layer of the skin is it in for sweat glands?

A

It is the excretory portion of the gland
→ In the Dermis for sweat glands

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10
Q

What parts of sweat glands are in which part of the skin?

A

Dermis →Duct (excretory portion)
Hypodermis → Secretory portion (lighter pink) [+ Adipose tissue]

Because of plan of section, the duct can appear in the hypodermis, but it is not how it is really

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11
Q

What are the white circles in the dermis?

A

Venules

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12
Q

What are the differences between the secretory portion and ductal portion of sweat glands?

A

Ductal portion:
- Cell size is small
- 2 cell layer (BM - luminal basal cells - luminal cells - lumen)
- Darkly stained
- Small diameter
- NOT surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Secretory portion:
- Cell size is larger
- 1 cell layer (with clear and darker cells)
- Lightly stained
- Larger diameter
- Surrounded by myoepithelial cells (between single cell layer and BM)
- Coil shape

Both have lumen in the middle, both surrounded by basement membrane

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13
Q

What is the structure of the cells in the secretory portion of sweat glands?

A

Outside → Inside:
BM - Myoepithelial cells - Clear and Dark cells - Secretory lumen

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14
Q

What is the structure of the cells in the ductal portion of sweat glands?

A

Outside → Inside:
BM - Basal cells - Luminal cells - Ductal lumen

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Hair?
(How is that structure classified by name)

A

Elongated, Obliquely oriented, Keratinized structure

  • Derived by an invagination of the epithelium called hair follicle
  • Lined by a basement membrane
  • Ends in a bulb (with a core CT called dermal papilla)
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16
Q

What part of the skin are Hair bulb and sebaceous glands in?

A

In the dermis, but they don’t cross the BM as the hair follicle is an invagination of the epidermis → BM is under it

17
Q

What are the characteristics of sebaceous glands?

A
  • Found in the dermis at the point where internal root sheath ends
  • Lined by BM
  • Holocrine secretion
  • Secretes a product called sebum
  • The gland uses the space where the internal root sheath was as a duct
18
Q

What are the cells composing the sebaceous glands?

A
  • Basal cells (outside, rest on connective tissue)
  • Secretory cells (have large vacuoles)
19
Q

what is the name of the muscle responsible for the rising of the hair?

A

Arrector pili muscle

20
Q

Which cells have trichohyalin granules?

A

The cells of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle

21
Q

What are the 4 classification parameters for glands?

A
  1. Where does the secreted substance go? (function)
  2. What is the shape of the gland?
  3. What is the method of secretion?
  4. What does the gland secrete?