Vocab Unit 6 Flashcards
An organism has a ____ genotype when both of its alleles are the same
Homozygous
A ___ is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein to be made
Gene
Genes that exhibit more than two possible allele types are examples of
Multiple allelism
The __ is used to interpret how codons will he translated into amino acids
Universal genetic code
DNA is ____ meaning it has two backbones
Double stranded
____ are the alternate forms of the same gene
Alleles
____ are lengths of DNA that contain specific sets of genes
Chromosomes
A pattern of inheritance in which neither allele is fully dominant and results in an intermediate phenotype
Incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance in which one allele controls the physical appearance of the organism
Dominant recessive
The haploid cells that fuse sexual reproduction
Gamete
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles are dominant and both show in the phenotype
Codominance
An organism has a ___ genotype when it’s set of alleles are different from one another
Heterozygous
After the S-phase of the cell cycle each chromosome consists of two copies of the DNA known as
Sister Chromatids
____ is produced during transcription and serves as instructions for ribosomes
mRNA
Sexual reproduction produces genetically unique offspring while asexual produces identical offspring
Sexual vs asexual
A three letter “code” that determines what amino acid ribosomes need to add to the protein
Codon
A type of cell division that produces gametes
Meiosis
The process by which an mRNA version of a gene is made
Transcription
The set of alleles that an organism has that controls a trait
Genotype
A pattern of inheritance in which the gene is found on the X chromosome
Sex-linked
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are the ___ of DNA
Base pairs
The process in which chromosomes crossover producing variation
Recombination
The process by which ribosomes use mRNA to build proteins one amino acid at a time
Translation
DNA ___ can result in changes to proteins the ribosomes produce
Mutation
The physical trait produced by the genes of an organism
Phenotype
