Vocab Quiz unit 7 Flashcards
pattern of evolutionary change that produced biological diversity by budding one or more new species from a parent species that continues to exist
cladogenesis
coexistence of two or more distinct forms of individuals in the same population
polymorphism
pattern of evolutionary change involving the transformation of an entire population sometimes to a state different enough from the ancestral population to rename it as a separate species
anagenesis
descent with modification; species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environ; change in genetic composition from generation to generation
evolution
process where individuals with inherited traits survive and reproduce
natural selection
concerned with naming and classifying diff forms of life
taxonomy
preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past
fossils
evolution is slow gradual and uniform, adaptation occurs over a long period of time with small changes
gradualism
idea that earth has always changes in uniform ways and processes that alter the earth now and the results are the same as millions of years ago
uniformitarianism
each boundary between strata in the rock layers represent a catastrophe that killed many organisms at the time
catastrophism
passing traits from parent to offspring and species have a common ancestor
descent with modification
selective breeding of plants and animals to encourage the occurrance of desirable traits
artificial selection
scientific study of the past and present geographic distributions of species
biogeography
structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
homologous structures
feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organisms’ ancestor
vestigial organs
the aggregate of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population
gene pool
state of a population where the frequencies of alleles and genotypes stay constant from generation to generation, provided that only mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles were at work
hardy Weinberg equilibrium
process where chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
genetic drift
genetic drift that occurs when the size of the population is reduced by natural disasters or humans
bottleneck effect
genetic drift when a few individuals are isolated and form a new population whos gene pool composition is not reflective of the original population
founder effect
evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations
microevolution
evolutionary change above the species level cause the origin of a new group of organisms through speciation and mass extinctions
macroevolution
evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species
speciation
formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
allopatric speciation
period of evolutionary change in which groups or organisms form many new species whos adaptations allow them to fill ecological roles
adaptive radiation
formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
sympatric speciation
geographic region where members of different species meet and mate, producing offspring with mixed ancestry
hybrid zone
