Vocab Quiz unit 7

Question 1

pattern of evolutionary change that produced biological diversity by budding one or more new species from a parent species that continues to exist

Answer 1

cladogenesis

Question 2

coexistence of two or more distinct forms of individuals in the same population

Answer 2

polymorphism

Question 3

pattern of evolutionary change involving the transformation of an entire population sometimes to a state different enough from the ancestral population to rename it as a separate species

Answer 3

anagenesis

Question 4

descent with modification; species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environ; change in genetic composition from generation to generation

Answer 4

evolution

Question 5

process where individuals with inherited traits survive and reproduce

Answer 5

natural selection

Question 6

concerned with naming and classifying diff forms of life

Answer 6

taxonomy

Question 7

preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past

Answer 7

fossils

Question 8

evolution is slow gradual and uniform, adaptation occurs over a long period of time with small changes

Answer 8

gradualism

Question 9

idea that earth has always changes in uniform ways and processes that alter the earth now and the results are the same as millions of years ago

Answer 9

uniformitarianism

Question 10

each boundary between strata in the rock layers represent a catastrophe that killed many organisms at the time

Answer 10

catastrophism

Question 11

passing traits from parent to offspring and species have a common ancestor

Answer 11

descent with modification

Question 12

selective breeding of plants and animals to encourage the occurrance of desirable traits

Answer 12

artificial selection

Question 13

scientific study of the past and present geographic distributions of species

Answer 13

biogeography

Question 14

structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry

Answer 14

homologous structures

Question 15

feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organisms’ ancestor

Answer 15

vestigial organs

Question 16

the aggregate of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population

Answer 16

gene pool

Question 17

state of a population where the frequencies of alleles and genotypes stay constant from generation to generation, provided that only mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles were at work

Answer 17

hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Question 18

process where chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

Answer 18

genetic drift

Question 19

genetic drift that occurs when the size of the population is reduced by natural disasters or humans

Answer 19

bottleneck effect

Question 20

genetic drift when a few individuals are isolated and form a new population whos gene pool composition is not reflective of the original population

Answer 20

founder effect

Question 21

evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations

Answer 21

microevolution

Question 22

evolutionary change above the species level cause the origin of a new group of organisms through speciation and mass extinctions

Answer 22

macroevolution

Question 23

evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species

Answer 23

speciation

Question 24

formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another

Answer 24

allopatric speciation

Question 25

period of evolutionary change in which groups or organisms form many new species whos adaptations allow them to fill ecological roles

Answer 25

adaptive radiation

Question 26

formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Answer 26

sympatric speciation

Question 27

geographic region where members of different species meet and mate, producing offspring with mixed ancestry

Answer 27

hybrid zone