Quiz 2

Question 1

a small molecule that binds to a bacterial repressor protein and changes the protein’s shape allowing it to bind to the operator and switch an operon off

Answer 1

Corepressor

Question 2

Adding methyl groups to DNA bases, usually cytosine

Answer 2

DNA Methylation

Question 3

Inheriting traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence of a genome

Answer 3

Epigenetic Inheritance

Question 4

Attachment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins

Answer 4

Histone Acetylation

Question 5

specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial repressor protein and changes the protein’s shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, this switching an operon on

Answer 5

Inducer

Question 6

small single-strand RNA molecule from a hairpin structure, associates with a protein and can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complementary sequence

Answer 6

microRNAs

Question 7

In DNA technology, a labeled single stranded nucleic acid molecule used to locate a specific nucleotide sequence in a sample, the molecules of the probe form a hydrogen bond with the complementary sequence (it is radioactive or fluorescent)

Answer 7

Nucleic acid probe

Question 8

in bacterial or phage DNA this is a sequence near the operon where an active repressor can attach
-prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter and transcribing the genes of the operon

Answer 8

operator

Question 9

a unit of genetic function found in bacteria and phages, consisting of a promoter, an operator, and a cluster of genes

Answer 9

operon

Question 10

gene that codes for a protein such as a repressor that controls the transcription of another gene/group of genes

Answer 10

regulatory gene

Question 11

a protein that inhibits gene transcription (in prokaryotes it binds to the DNA)

Answer 11

repressor

Question 12

technique for determining expression of a particular gene
uses reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase to synthesize cDNA from mRNA and does PCR amplification using primers specific for the gene

Answer 12

reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR

Question 13

technique used to silence the expression of certain genes
uses double stranded RNA to match the sequence of a gene to trigger the gene’s mRNA to break down

Answer 13

RNAi (RNA interference)

Question 14

one of multiple small single stranded RNA molecules generated from a long linear double stranded RNA
-binds with proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA sequence

Answer 14

siRNA small interfering RNA

Question 15

programmed cell death that is caused by an activation of enzymes that break down many chemical components in the cell

Answer 15

apoptosis

Question 16

master regulatory genes that control placement and spatial organization of body parts by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells

Answer 16

homeotic genes

Question 17

the process in which one group of embryonic cells influences the development of another, comes from causing changes in gene expression

Answer 17

induction

Question 18

a substance that provides positional information in the form of a concentration gradient along an embryonic axis

Answer 18

morphogen

Question 19

a gene found in viral or cellular genomes that is involved in triggering molecular events that can lead to cancer

Answer 19

oncogene

Question 20

describes a cell that can make many but not all parts of an organism

Answer 20

pluripotent

Question 21

a normal gene that has the potential to become an oncogene

Answer 21

proto-oncogene

Question 22

gene that codes for Ras, a G protein that relays a growth signal to a receptor in the plasma membrane, results in the stimulation of the cell cycle

Answer 22

ras gene

Question 23

unspecialized cell that can produce two identical daughter cells or specialized daughter cells that can undergo further differentiation, or one of each cell type

Answer 23

stem cell

Question 24

describes a cell that can give rise to all parts of the embryo and adult, as well as extraembryonic membranes in species that have them

Answer 24

totipotent

Question 25

gene whos protein product inhibits cell division preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer

Answer 25

tumor suppressing gene