Molecular Genetics Flashcards
a modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the end of a pre-mRNA molecule
5’ cap
a nucleotide triplet that is on one end of a tRNA molecule that base pairs with a particular complimentary codon on a mRNA
anticodon
a virus that infects bacteria, a phage
bacteriophage
linking enzyme in DNA replication, catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of one fragment and 5’ end of another
DNA ligase
enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of DNA by adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain
DNA Polymerase
sequence in the primary transcript that remains in the RNA after RNA processing; region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed
exon
an enzyme that untwists DNA at the replication fork, making two strands that are available to be template strands.
helicase
a small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure.
histones
noncoding, intervening sequence, within a primary transcript that is removed during RNA processing
intron
discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ –> 3” direction away from the replication fork.
lagging strand
new complimentary DNA strand that is synthesized continuously along the template strand towards the replication fork in the mandatory 5’ —> 3’ direction.
leading strand
an enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few DNA or RNA bases or completely hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA into its component nucleotides
nuclease
a short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, these segments are joined to make the lagging strand
okizaki fragments
site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.
origins of replication
organism that has a prokaryotic cell, an organism that has the domain Bacteria or domain Archaea
prokaryote
specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
promoter
modification of RNA primary transcripts, includes the joining together of exons, splicing out of introns, and altering the 5’ and 3’ ends.
RNA processing
type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one parental strand and one newly made strand
semiconservative model
a DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters critical in the transcription initiation complex
TATA Box
enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the length of telomeres by adding guanine-rich sequences
telomerase
the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template
transcription
a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
transformation
synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in a mRNA molecule
translation
