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AP BIO Molecular Genetics > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

A

population

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2
Q

community of organisms in an area and the physical factors in which they interact

A

ecosystem

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3
Q

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

A

ecosystem ecology

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4
Q

temperature precipitation sunlight and wind

A

climate

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5
Q

sedimentary rocks, oceans, organisms

A

phosphorus reservoirs

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6
Q

ATP, nucleic acids, phospholipids

A

phosphorus biological importance

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7
Q

weathering of rock, leaching into groundwater, uptake by plants

A

phosphorus cycle

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8
Q

N2 to NH3 (plants take the nitrogen in)

A

nitrogen fixation

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9
Q

less moisture because the clouds get stuck on the ocean side of the mountains

A

rain shadow effect leeward side is desert

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10
Q

major life zones characterized by type of vegetation or physical environment

A

biome

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11
Q

NH4 to NO2 and NO3 (this is done by soil bacteria) plants can then use the nitrates

A

nitrification

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12
Q

rainy winters and dry summers, coastal regions

A

chaparral

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13
Q

interior of continents, cold winters and hot summers, mid latitude

A

temperate grassland

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14
Q

where light can penetrate into the water

A

photic zone

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15
Q

sediment at the bottom of the pelagic zone

A

benthic zonce

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16
Q

support the most fish and marine invertebrates

A

estuaries/ wetlands

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17
Q

oxygen depleted, lots of algae body of water, no many animals

A

eutrophic lakes

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18
Q

NO3 to N2 (from soil back into the atmosphere as a gas)

A

denitrification

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19
Q

waste products are decomposed by microorganisms to make NH3

A

ammonification

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20
Q

near the equator, seasonal precipitation, grasses and forbs, drought tolerant plants

A

savanna

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21
Q

movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin or center or high population density

A

dispersal

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22
Q

depicts the alive population at each life cohort

A

survivorship curve

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23
Q

ideal conditions, food is abundant, all individuals reproduce at capacity

A

exponential population growth

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24
Q

maximum population size a particular environment can support given its abundance of limiting resources

A

carrying capacity (K)

25
Q

per capita rate of growth reaches zero as the population reaches carrying capacity, this is where resources are limited
(S shape)

A

logistic population growth

26
Q

camouflage, tactic used to blend into the environment

A

cryptic coloration

27
Q

displaying bright colors to mimic a poisonous animal

A

aposematic coloration

28
Q

a harmless species mimics one that IS harmful

A

batesian mimicry

29
Q

different species in an area compete but split up their areas and have their own special adaptation

A

resource partitioning

30
Q

traits that are advantageous in high densities

A

K-selected

31
Q

traits that are advantageous in low densities

A

r-selected

32
Q

adding organisms like plants and fungi to remove toxins

A

bioremediation

33
Q

introducing organisms to add essential nutrients to degraded organisms

A

biological augmentation

34
Q

one organism is benefited one is neutral (ex: whales dont care abt the baracles on them)

A

commensalism

35
Q

life is restored in a lifeless area after a major disturbance such as a volcano or a retreating glacier

A

primary succession

36
Q

life restored in an area where most organisms are gone (life after a forest fire)

A

secondary succession

37
Q

exert strong control over their community bc they have a pivotal role (not because there are a lot of this species)

A

keystone species

38
Q

predators control herbivore populations which control plant population

A

top-down model

39
Q

pathogens transferred from animals into humans

A

zoonotic pathogen

40
Q

sequence of unlearned acts linked directly to a simple stimulus

A

fixed action pattern

41
Q

external cue that causes a fixed action pattern

A

sign stimulus

42
Q

animals experience a stimuli that causes them to move to a further location

A

migration

43
Q

internal mechanism that maintains a 24 hr activity cycle

A

circadian rhythm

44
Q

stimulus that is transmitted from one organism to another

A

signal

45
Q

animals communicate through odors or tastes from chemicals

A

pheromones

46
Q

behavior that is developmentally fixed and every individual does it

A

innate behavior

47
Q

placing the young from one species into the care from another species

A

cross-fostering study

48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q

internal idea of where objects are in an animals surroundings

A

cognitive map

51
Q

gene that dictates how far a fly will travel to look for food

A

forR allele

52
Q

associating a feature of their environment with another (ex: associate a color of butterfly with bad flavor)

A

associative learning

53
Q

mates form a relationship with none male and one female for a duration

A

monogamous species

54
Q

an individual of one sex mates with several individuals of the other sex

A

polygamous relationship

55
Q

competition between individuals to see who gets access to the resource

A

agonistic behavior

56
Q

reducing your own fitness in order to help the fitness of another (selflessness)

A

altruism

57
Q

total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing offspring and helping other close relatives produce offspring

A

inclusive fitness

58
Q
A

AP BIO Molecular Genetics (8 decks)

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