Vocab Quiz 1 (18.1.4, 19.1.4)

Question 1

science

Answer 1

the use of evidence to produce testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena as well as the knowledge generated through this process

Question 2

hypothesis

Answer 2

proposed testable explanations for a fairly narrow set of phenomena, usually based on prior experience, scientific background knowledge, preliminary observations, and logic

Question 3

scientific theory

Answer 3

a well sustained explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on facts that have been repeatedly confirmed

Question 4

natural phenomena

Answer 4

a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question

Question 5

Taxonomy

Answer 5

the science of naming and classifying organisms

Question 6

taxon

Answer 6

a group of organisms in a classification system

Question 7

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 7

a system that gives each species a two part scientific name using Latin roots

Question 8

genus

Answer 8

includes one or more physically similar species that are thought to be closely related

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

single celled prokaryotes

Question 10

Archaea

Answer 10

singles celled prokaryotes that live in extreme conditions

Question 11

Eukarya

Answer 11

single or multicellular organisms that contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 12

virus

Answer 12

infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

Question 13

pathogen

Answer 13

any living organism or particle that can cause infectious disease

Question 14

viroid

Answer 14

infectious particles that cause disease in plants

Question 15

prion

Answer 15

infectious particle made of only proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly

Question 16

obligate anaerobe

Answer 16

prokaryotes that cannot live in the presence of oxygen

Question 17

obligate aerobes

Answer 17

prokaryotes that need to live in the presence of oxygen

Question 18

faculatative aerobe

Answer 18

prokaryotes that can coexist with and without oxygen

Question 19

plasmid

Answer 19

small piece of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryote’s main chromosome

Question 20

flagellum

Answer 20

whip-like stricture outside of a cell used for movement

Question 21

conjugation

Answer 21

prokaryotes can exchange parts of their chromosomes through a hollow bridge of pili to connect two or more cells

Question 22

endospore

Answer 22

a specialized cell with a thick protective wall