Gene expression vocab

Question 1

the small units, or monomers, that make up DNA

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder

Answer 2

DNA double helix

Question 3

thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A) & cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G)

Answer 3

base pairing rules

Question 4

the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle

Answer 4

replication

Question 5

a group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides made in replication together

Answer 5

DNA polymerase

Question 6

states that information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins

Answer 6

central dogma

Question 7

a chain of nucleotides, each made of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base;a temporary copy of DNA

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein

Answer 12

tRNA

Question 13

the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

signal the end of the amino acid chain

Answer 14

stop codons

Question 15

signals the start of translation and the amino acid methionine

Answer 15

start codon

Question 16

a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon

Answer 16

anticodon

Question 17

a change in an organism’s DNA

Answer 17

mutation

Question 18

mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another

Answer 18

point mutation

Question 19

involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Answer 19

frameshift mutation

Question 20

happens when chromosomes do not align with each other, causing one to have multiple copies of gene

Answer 20

gene duplication

Question 21

a piece of one chromosome moves to a nonhomologous chromosome

Answer 21

Translocation

Question 22

agents in the envionrmnet that can change DNA

Answer 22

mutagens

Question 23

Replication (Location, Goal/Product, Main Enzyme involved Base Pairs)

Answer 23

Nucleus of Eukaryotes(cytoplasm of prokaryotes), DNA duplicate to prep for mitosis, DNA polymerase, A-T & T-A & C-G & G-C

Question 24

Transcription (Location, Goal/Product, Main Enzyme involved Base Pairs)

Answer 24

Nucleus of Eukaryotes(cytoplasm of prokaryotes), Transfer info DNA -> mRNA, RNA polymerase, A-U & T-A &C-G & G-C

Question 24

Translation (Location, Goal/Product, Main Enzyme involved Base Pairs)

Answer 24

Ribosomes (cytoplasm or ER), mRNA -> sequence of amino acids, Ribosome, A-U & U-A & C-G & G-C