Chapter 4+ Vocab Quiz

Question 1

A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. Contains a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

a lower-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.

Answer 2

ADP

Question 3

a process by which ATP is synthesized using chemicals as an energy source instead of light

Answer 3

Chemosynthesis

Question 4

the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen

Answer 4

photosythesis

Question 5

a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

stacks of coin shaped, membrane enclosed compartments

Answer 6

grana

Question 7

coin shaped, membrane enclosed compartment found within chloroplasts that contain the components for photosynthesis

Answer 7

thylakoid

Question 8

the fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast

Answer 8

stroma

Question 9

capture energy from sunlight

Answer 9

light dependent reactions

Question 10

use energy from light independent reactions to make sugars

Answer 10

light independent reactions

Question 11

series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 11

photosystems

Question 12

a series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane

Answer 12

electron transport chain

Question 13

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Answer 13

ATP synthase

Question 14

a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP

Answer 14

Calvin cycle

Question 15

the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide

Answer 15

Cellular Respiration

Question 16

process that requires oxygen to occur

Answer 16

aerobic

Question 17

the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP.

Answer 17

glycolysis

Question 18

describes a process that does not require oxygen

Answer 18

anaerobic

Question 19

a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; the major pathway in oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy

Answer 19

Krebs cycle

Question 20

the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen

Answer 20

fermentation

Question 21

product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells

Answer 21

lactic acid

Question 22

a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed

Answer 22

nonrenewable resource

Question 23

a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed

Answer 23

renewable resource

Question 24

amount of land necessary to produce and maintain enough food, water, shelter, energy, and waste

Answer 24

ecological footprint

Question 25

an undesirable change in the natural environment that is caused by the introduction of substances that are harmful to living organisms by excessive wastes, heat, noise, or radiation

Answer 25

pollution

Question 26

air pollution caused by gases from burning fossil fuels, forming a fog when they react with sunlight.

Answer 26

smog

Question 27

microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel produced by industrial processes

Answer 27

particulates

Question 28

precipitation that has a pH lower than normal, and an unusually high concentration of sulfuric or nitric acids; a result of chemical pollution of air

Answer 28

acid rain

Question 29

the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and raradiate infrared radiation

Answer 29

greenhouse effect

Question 30

a gradual increase in average global temperature

Answer 30

global warming