Vocab Essentials

Question 0

Transudate

Answer 0

Fluid, mostly protein with specific gravity < 1.020. Generally result in shift in colloid oncotic pressure: starvation, et al.

Question 1

Exudate

Answer 1

Fluid containing cell debris and proteins with a specific gravity of > 1.020

Question 2

Intrinsic Apoptotic pathway

Answer 2

Cellular damage results in cytochrome C in cytoplasm. Sets off caspase 9

Question 3

Extrinsic Apoptotic pathway

Answer 3

Fas ligand (death receptor) sets off cascade via caspase 8 and 10

Question 4

Diapedesis

Answer 4

Passage of leukocytes through capillary walls. Selectin : Sialyated GPTN. Integrin : ICAM

Question 5

Endothelial activation

Answer 5

Pro coagulant state: release of Weible - Palade bodies that contain p-selectins and Von willebrand factor

Question 6

Purulent exudate

Answer 6

Exudate that contains necrotic cell debris and neutrophils

Question 7

Pluripotent stem cell

Answer 7

Can give rise to any of the three germ layers

Question 8

Angiogenesis

Answer 8

Formation of new vessels from previous vessels

Question 9

Healing; primary and secondary union

Answer 9

Primary: healing that doesn’t form a granuloma. No scar
Secondary: formation of a granuloma before healing

Question 10

Inverse Agonist

Answer 10

Binds to receptor and has opposite effect of agonist (below baseline)

Question 11

Antagonist

Answer 11

Binds to receptor, inhibits to baseline

Question 12

Alpha/beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 12

Alpha: peripheral vasoconstriction, decrease Sm. muscle motility
Beta: heart contractility, decrease Sm. muscle motility

Question 13

Stem cells

Answer 13

TPM:
Totipotent- can become anything
Pluripotent- can become any of the three germ layers
Multipotent- many tissue types

Question 14

Healing: primary vs. secondary union

Answer 14

Primary: no scar/granulation tissue formation

Question 15

Fibrosis

Answer 15

Excess type 1 collagen, localized excess CT

Question 16

Keloid

Answer 16

Excess type 3 collagen, not localized excess scar tissue

Question 17

Regeneration and repair

Answer 17

Regeneration: replacing damaged cells with new ones
Repair: regeneration + scarring (organ level organization)

Question 18

Leukocytosis

Answer 18

Increased leukocytes in blood

Question 19

Leukopenia

Answer 19

Decreased number of leukocytes in blood

Question 20

Dystrophic calcification

Answer 20

Normal blood Calcium concentration resulting in deposition in necrotic tissues

Question 21

Metastatic calcification

Answer 21

Increased blood calcium concentration resulting in deposition in normal tissues

Question 22

Ischemia - reperfusion injury

Answer 22

Necrotic/damaged tissues resulting in neutrophil production of ROS leading to further tissue damage