Vocab Chapter 7 lesson 2

Question 1

Triglycerides

Answer 1

The primary storage and transportable form of fats in the body, composed of three free fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone.

Question 2

Ketones

Answer 2

A group of incompletely metabolized fat fragments that are normally produced during fat metabolism in the absence of adequate carbohydrates.

Question 3

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

Question 4

Bolus

Answer 4

A mass of food that has been chewed and is now ready to initiate the swallowing process.

Question 5

Duodenum

Answer 5

It is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion occurs. It is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum.

Question 6

Chyme

Answer 6

The partially digested, semi-fluid mass of food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum.

Question 7

Jejunum

Answer 7

It is the second section of the small intestine where digestion and absorption occur. It is located immediately after the duodenum and leads into the ileum.

Question 8

Ileum

Answer 8

It is the final section of the small intestine where lots of absorption occurs. It is located immediately after the jejunum and leads into the large intestine.

Question 9

Brush Border

Answer 9

The wall of the small intestine, composed of villi and microvilli, that enhance the region’s surface area for the final stages of digestion and absorption.

Question 10

Villi

Answer 10

These are small, finger-like projections located on the walls of the intestine that extend into the intestinal tract that serve to increase the body’s surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 11

Hepatic Portal Vein

Answer 11

The vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver.

Question 12

Cirrhosis

Answer 12

A liver disease marked by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue that is a result of alcohol abuse.

Question 13

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Answer 13

The development of a fatty liver resulting from excessive quantities of fats being deposited from causes that exclude alcohol.

Question 14

Hyperglycemia

Answer 14

A condition of an abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) level in the blood.

Question 15

Hypoglycemia

Answer 15

A condition of an abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) level in the blood.

Question 16

Glycogenolysis

Answer 16

The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.

Question 17

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 17

A condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin.

Question 18

Catabolic

Answer 18

The breakdown of nutrients to release energy.

Question 19

Glycemic Load

Answer 19

A method for determining how the quantity of carbohydrates consumed impact blood sugar levels.