Vocab Chapter 7 lesson 1

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

They define the single sugar units of glucose, fructose, and galactose and represent the absorbable forms of carbohydrates for the body.

Question 2

Disaccharides

Answer 2

They define pairs of sugar units. The three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Question 3

Polysaccharides

Answer 3

They define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length.

Question 4

Oligosaccharides

Answer 4

They define sugar units ranging from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans.

Question 5

Amylose

Answer 5

A straight-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.

Question 6

Amylopectin

Answer 6

A branched-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.

Question 7

Soluble Fiber

Answer 7

A type of dietary fiber that dissolves in water to form a gel, associated with heart health benefits and glucose control.

Question 8

Insoluble Fiber

Answer 8

A type of dietary fiber that does not dissolve in water, associated with promoting bowel regularity.

Question 9

Diverticulosis

Answer 9

A condition that occurs when pockets of collected stool called diverticula form in the walls of the digestive tract, forcing the inner layer of the intestinal wall to push through its outer lining.

Question 10

Functional Fiber

Answer 10

A compound derived from isolated indigestible fiber to potentially provide some of the health-promoting benefits of natural fiber.

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

The storage molecule of carbohydrate found in animals and located in muscle and liver cells.

Question 12

Glycogenolysis

Answer 12

The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.

Question 13

Glycogenesis

Answer 13

The process of forming glycogen from glucose.