Vocab Chapter 4

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

protein fiber network that collectively maintains the cell’s shape, secures some organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently

Question 3

Cell Wall

Answer 3

rigid cell covering comprised of various molecules that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Question 4

Endomembrane system

Answer 4

group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Question 7

Eukaryotic

Answer 7

cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

Question 8

Extracellular matrix

Answer 8

material secreted from animal or fungal cells that provides mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells in the tissue

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis

Question 10

Smooth ER

Answer 10

region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals (like pesticides, preservatives, medications, and environmental pollutants), and stores calcium ions

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

mitochondria produce the energy necessary for the cell

Question 12

Organelle

Answer 12

is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis

Question 15

Vacuoles

Answer 15

membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Describe how cell surface areas are affects the size of a cell and explain how eukaryotic cells can be bigger than prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

Eukaryotic cells contain other organelles that are compartmentalized in the interior of the cell. Which makes it larger than a prokaryotic cell.

Question 18

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 18

Are single cells, that domains bacteria and Archaea. They have a cytoplasm, ribosome, and DNA that is not a membrane bound. Very small.

Question 19

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 19

Have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosome. They’re larger because they have a true nucleus. Super small.

Question 20

What are four components that all cells share?

Answer 20

Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

Question 21

What defines an organelle?

Answer 21

Genetic control (ribosome)
Manufactures (Endoplasmic rectculum)
Energy processing (Mitochondria)
Support/movement (cell wall)