chap 14 Flashcards
DNA
Is a double stranded (helix). Dna utilizes the deoxyribose.
Nitrogenous base
there are four kinds of bases, this helps make up a nucleotide..
RNA
Single strand, Uracil replaces thymine. RNA utilizes the sugar ribose
Ribose
Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that forms the backbone of DNA molecules.
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the growing daughter structures
What makes up a nucleotide
A nucleotide is made up of (ose)sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Base pairing
Two complementary DNA nucleotide bases that pair together to form a DNA ladder.
Identify the 4 nucleotide bases found in DNA & which bases pair with each other.
Adenine & Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds)
Guanine & Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)
In RNA the nucleotide URACIL replaces Thymine.
What is Sugar Phosphate backbone?
This gives the molecule stability and helps shield potentially reactive groups.
What are the Pyrimidines?
Are always Thymine & Cytosine
What are the Purines??
Adenine & Guanine
what is semi-conservative?
one half of the strand is old and the other is new
why is fidelity of DNA replication important?
It will enable fidelity replication it to catch a mistake of 1 every 10^9 nucleotide.
What is DNA replication?
The two DNA strands separated; each strand is a template to generate two new strands. Each is half new and half old.
