chap 15/16

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

Is the first step to gene expression

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

is the process of translating an mRNA molecule into an amino acid sequence

Question 3

Promoter

Answer 3

DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase and associated factors bind and initiate transcription

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid or the release a polypeptide during translation

Question 5

Amino Acid

Answer 5

is building blocks for polypeptides and proteins.

Question 6

Genetic code

Answer 6

is the set of rules that relates condons in RNA to amino acids in protiens.

Question 7

mRNA

Answer 7

messenger RNA

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

Picks up the appropriate amino acids, recognizes the proper codon for mRNA. Bring that two together

Question 9

Operon

Answer 9

collection of genes involved in a pathway that are transcribed together as a single mRNA in prokaryotic cells

Question 10

Repressor

Answer 10

protein that binds to the operator of prokaryotic genes to prevent transcription

Question 11

Operator

Answer 11

region of DNA outside of the promoter region that binds activators or repressors that control gene expression in prokaryotic cells

Question 12

Gene regulation

Answer 12

It is basically a turning on and off genes.

Question 13

Transcription factors

Answer 13

protein that binds to the DNA at the promoter or enhancer region and that influences transcription of a gene

Question 14

Cancer

Answer 14

is uncontrolled cell gorth (mitosis)

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

is a change in the sequence of DNA

Question 16

Mutagens

Answer 16

are stubstances that cause mutaions

Question 17

Carcinogens

Answer 17

are cancer causing antagens

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

a piece of dna

Question 19

Exon

Answer 19

are joined together and the mRNA exits the nucleus, after the intorns are cut out

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

made of protiens and are a second type of RNA

Question 21

Introns

Answer 21

Located in genes, and most of the time discarded.

Question 22

Polypeptide

Answer 22

A chain of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds.

Question 23

RNA polymerase

Answer 23

an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions synthesize RNA from DNA

Question 24

RNA processing

Answer 24

Transforms pre-mRNA into functional RNA

Question 25

rRNA

Answer 25

Used for translation, non coding

Question 26

Gene expression

Answer 26

processes that control the turning on or turning off of a gene

Question 27

DNA packing

Answer 27

Folding the DNA into a compacting structure so it can fit in the nucleus.

Question 28

Histones

Answer 28

epigenetic modification that leads to gene expression; a process involving adding or removing an acetyl functional group

Question 29

Oncogene

Answer 29

causes the cell to grow without control

Question 30

Transcription factor

Answer 30

protein that binds to the DNA at the promoter or enhancer region and that influences transcription of a gene

Question 31

How is only one DNA strand used as a template in Transcription?

Answer 31

Only one strand (3’-5’) is used while the other is unused.

Question 32

What’re the 3 steps to transcription?

Answer 32

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

Question 33

what does Initiation consist of?

Answer 33

RNA polymerase along with one or more transcription factors attaches to a region of the gene called the promoter and transcription is started.

Question 34

What happens in Elongation?

Answer 34

The new RNA strand peels away from the DNA template, allowing the DNA strands to come back together.

Question 35

What happens in Termination?

Answer 35

The RNA polymerase detaches from the newly synthesized RNA and the gene (DNA)

Question 36

What are the key players in TransLation

Answer 36

messenger RNA
Amino acids (building blocks for protiens)
Ribosomes
transfer RNA