Vocab. Flashcards
socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
utopia
an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More.
Robert owen
was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He worked in the cotton industry in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland.
Karl Marx
was a philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism. Marx, in conjunction with Friedrich Engels, published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848; later in his life, he wrote “Das Kapital,” which discussed the labor theory of value.
communism
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
proletariant
workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).
democratic
relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.
socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
communist manifesto
The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Thomas Malthus
An 18th-century British philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about population growth. Malthus’ population theories were outlined in his book, “An Essay on the Principle of Population”, first published in 1798.
David Ricardo
was a classical economist known for his Iron Law of Wages, labor theory of value, theory of comparative advantage and theory of rents. David Ricardo and several other economists also simultaneously and independently discovered the law of diminishing marginal returns.
dictatorship
government by a dictator.
laissez-faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Adam Smith
is one of the world’s most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to Adam Smith and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.
Friedric Engels
Friedrich Engels (English /ˈɛŋɡəlz/ or /ˈɛŋəlz/; German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋəls]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.
Declaration of Rights of women
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man
suffrage
the right to vote in political elections.
romanticism
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing
realism
the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
naturalism
(in art and literature) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.
Beethoven
proper noun. (1770–1827), German composer. Despite increasing deafness, Beethoven wrote prodigiously: nine symphonies, thirty-two piano sonatas, sixteen string quartets, the opera “Fidelio” (1814), and the “Mass in D” (the “Missa Solemnis”, 1823)
Mark Twain
“Mark Twain” (meaning “Mark number two”) was a Mississippi River term: the second mark on the line that measured depth signified two fathoms, or twelve feet—safe depth for the steamboat. In 1857, at the age of twenty-one, he became a “cub” steamboat pilot.
cartography
the science or practice of drawing maps.
