Enlightenment Ch. 15 Flashcards
Louis XIV
(“the Great”; “the Sun King”) 1638–1715, king of France 1643–1715 (son of Louis XIII).
Peter the Great
(“the Great”) 1672–1725, czar of Russia 1682–1725.
William the Great Elector
Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death.
Czar
any person exercising great authority or power in a particular field:
a czar of industry.
Absolutism
the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.
Boyar
Russian History. a member of the old nobility of Russia, before Peter the Great made rank dependent on state service.
Ivan IV
(“Ivan the Terrible”) 1530–84, first czar of Russia 1547–84.
Divine right
the doctrine that the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.
Henry IV
1050–1106, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and king of Germany 1056–1106.
War of the Spanish Sucession
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14) was the first world war of modern times with theatres of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou.
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.
Catherine the great
Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the Great, was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67.
Window to the West
It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world. Until the founding of St Petersburg, Russia had seemed, at least to western Europe, a rather frightening Byzantine labyrinth.
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.
Pragmatic Sanction
an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.
Hapsburgs
The House of Habsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740.
Austria
Austria is a German-speaking country in Central Europe, characterized by mountain villages, baroque architecture, Imperial history and rugged Alpine terrain. Vienna, its Danube River capital, is home to the Schönbrunn and Hofburg palaces.
Seven years war
The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.
Frederick the Great
Frederick II was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
Frederick William I
Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the ‘Soldier King,’ was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great.
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.
James I
James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death.
Puritans
The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to “purify” the Church of England from its “Catholic” practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.
