Enlightenment Ch. 15

Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

(“the Great”; “the Sun King”) 1638–1715, king of France 1643–1715 (son of Louis XIII).

Question 2

Peter the Great

Answer 2

(“the Great”) 1672–1725, czar of Russia 1682–1725.

Question 3

William the Great Elector

Answer 3

Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death.

Question 4

Czar

Answer 4

any person exercising great authority or power in a particular field:
a czar of industry.

Question 5

Absolutism

Answer 5

the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.

Question 6

Boyar

Answer 6

Russian History. a member of the old nobility of Russia, before Peter the Great made rank dependent on state service.

Question 7

Ivan IV

Answer 7

(“Ivan the Terrible”) 1530–84, first czar of Russia 1547–84.

Question 8

Divine right

Answer 8

the doctrine that the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.

Question 9

Henry IV

Answer 9

1050–1106, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and king of Germany 1056–1106.

Question 10

War of the Spanish Sucession

Answer 10

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14) was the first world war of modern times with theatres of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou.

Question 11

Thirty Years War

Answer 11

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.

Question 12

Catherine the great

Answer 12

Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the Great, was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67.

Question 13

Window to the West

Answer 13

It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world. Until the founding of St Petersburg, Russia had seemed, at least to western Europe, a rather frightening Byzantine labyrinth.

Question 14

Maria Theresa

Answer 14

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.

Question 15

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 15

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 16

Hapsburgs

Answer 16

The House of Habsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740.

Question 17

Austria

Answer 17

Austria is a German-speaking country in Central Europe, characterized by mountain villages, baroque architecture, Imperial history and rugged Alpine terrain. Vienna, its Danube River capital, is home to the Schönbrunn and Hofburg palaces.

Question 18

Seven years war

Answer 18

The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.

Question 19

Frederick the Great

Answer 19

Frederick II was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.

Question 20

Frederick William I

Answer 20

Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the ‘Soldier King,’ was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great.

Question 21

Glorious Revolution

Answer 21

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.

Question 22

Spanish Armada

Answer 22

The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

Question 23

James I

Answer 23

James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death.

Question 24

Puritans

Answer 24

The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to “purify” the Church of England from its “Catholic” practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.

Question 25

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 25

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.