China and Japan Flashcards
Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty definition. A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Wing Dynasty
n the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu. Synonyms: Ch’ing, Ch’ing dynasty, Manchu, Manchu dynasty, Qing Type of: dynasty. a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family.
Examination system
The examination system was an attempt to recruit men on the basis of merit rather than on the basis of family or political connection. Because success in the examination system was the basis of social status and because education was the key to success in the system, education was highly regarded in traditional China.
Opium
a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War (simplified Chinese: 太平天国运动; traditional Chinese: 太平天國運動; pinyin: Taìpíng Tīanguó Yùndòng, literally “Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement”) was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing …
Treaty of Nanjing
The Treaty of Nanking or Nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties because Britain had no obligations in return.
Beijing
a city in and the capital of the People’s Republic of China, in the NE part, in central Hebei province: traditional capital of China.
Taiwan
Chinese island separated from the SE coast of China by Taiwan Strait: a possession of Japan 1895–1945; restored to China 1945; seat of the Republic of China since 1949.
Capital: Taipei.
Empress
a female emperor.
Ci Xi
Cixi. … or Tzu Hsi 1835–1908. The dowager empress of China (1861–1908) who was hostile to foreign influences in China and supported the Boxer Rebellion (1898–1900). Cixi.
Self-strengthening
The Self-Strengthening Movement (Chinese: 洋務運動/自強運動/同治維新), c. 1861 – 1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.
Imperial City
Definition of imperial city. 1 : a city (as Rome) that is the seat of empire. 2 : a city that is an immediate vassal of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Porcelain
a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china
Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion (or the Boxer Uprising), a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府 ?) and the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府 ?), was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867.
Commodore Matthew Perry
Matthew Calbraith Perry [Note 1] (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican–American War and the War of 1812.
Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration (明治維新 Meiji Ishin ?), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
Consulate
the place or building in which a consul’s duties are carried out.
Eta
the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet ( Η, η), transliterated as ‘e’ or ‘ē.’
Edo
a member of a people inhabiting the district of Benin in Nigeria.
The Hermit kingdom
Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world. The Joseon dynasty of Korea was frequently [not in citation given] described as a hermit kingdom during the latter part of the dynasty.
Isolation
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
Dutch learning
Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally “Dutch Learning”, and by extension “Western Learning”) is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to …
Junks
discard or abandon unceremoniously.
