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Anatomy 1.1 > Vocab 3: Organizations of the Human Body > Flashcards

Vocab 3: Organizations of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six levels of structural and functional organisation in the body?

A
  1. Chemical Level 2. Cell Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. Organ System Level 6. Organism Level
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2
Q

What is the “chemical level” of organization?

A

Involving the interaction of atoms, indivisible tiny blocks of matter. When atoms combine, they form molecules such as water, sugar, fats, and protein.

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3
Q

What is the “cell level” of organization?

A

Cells are the smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence. They are formed when molecules combine to form organelles which then combine to create cells.

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4
Q

What is the “tissue level” of organization?

A

Tissue is a collection of similar cells and intracellular substances surrounding them.

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5
Q

What 4 tissues make up the body?

A
  1. Epithlium 2. Connective (blood bone cartilage) 3. Muscular 4. Nervous tissues.
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6
Q

What is the “organ level” of organization?

A

An organ is made up of two or more tissue types that perform one of more common functions. For example the heart, skin, eye, etc.

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7
Q

What is the “organ system level” of organization?

A

Organ system is a group of organs that have a common function or a set of functions that are viewed as a unit: ie, the digestive system

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8
Q

What is the “organism level” of organization?

A

An organism is any living individual, whether animal or plant considered as a whole.

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9
Q

What are body cavities?

A

any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of vessels (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels).

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10
Q

What are the 3 major features of the human body?

A
  1. Cavities 2. Membranes 3. Organ Systems
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11
Q

What is the Axial Region?

A

The head, neck, and trunk

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12
Q

What are the two major cavities of the Axial Region?

A
  1. The dorsal cavity (back) 2. the larger, Ventral cavity (front/stomach)
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13
Q

What 2 parts make up the Dorsal Cavity?

A
  1. The cranial cavity (the brain) 2. The vetebral canal (the spine)
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14
Q

What 2 parts make up the Ventral Cavity?

A
  1. The thoracic cavity 2. the Abdonino pelvic cavity
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15
Q

What materials make up the walls of the dorsal and ventral cavity?

A

Skin, skeletel muscles, and bones

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16
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

The thin muscles that separates the thoracic cavity, which is above it and abdominopelvic cavity, which is below it.

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17
Q

What position is the diaphragm when at rest?

A

The diaphragm curves upward into the thorax like a dome when at rest.

18
Q

What position is the diaphragm when active?

A

The diaphragm contracts during inhalation, pressing down upon the abdominal viscera.

19
Q

What is viscera?

A

Organs within the cavity

20
Q

What is inside the thoracic cavity?

A
  1. Lungs 2. Mediastinum 3. heart 4. trachea 5. esophagus 6.thymus gland
21
Q

What is the location and role of the Mediastinum?

A
  1. between the lungs 2. Separates thorax into R+L compartments for lungs
22
Q

What 2 parts make up the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. Upper Abdominal portion 2. the lower pelvic region
23
Q

What viscera is located in the upper abdominal cavity?

A
  1. stomach 2. liver 3. gallbladder 4. spleen 5. small intestine 6. large intestine
24
Q

What viscera is located in the lower pelvic region of the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. terminal end of the large intestine 2. the urinary bladder 3. internal reproductive organs
25
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdominal region? How are they abbreviated?

A
  1. Righ upper quadrant (RUQ) 2. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) 3. Left upper quadrant (LUQ) 4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
26
Q

What lines divide the abdomen into nine regions?

A

Vertical: Midclavicular lines, Superior Horizontal: Subcostal line, Inferior Horizontal: Intertubercular line

27
Q

What are the 3 lateral regions of the abdomen (when divided in 9 regions)?

A

Hypochondriac, Lumbar, and Iliac/Inguinal regions.

28
Q

What are the 3 medial regions of the abdomen (when divided in 9 regions)?

A

Epigastric, Umbilical, and Hypogastric (Pubic) regions.

29
Q

What cavities are contained in the head?

A
  1. Oral Cavity (teeth and tongue) 2. Nasal Cavity (sinuses) 3. Orbital Cavities (eyes) 4. Middle Ear Cavities (ear bones)
30
Q

What is the Appendicular Region?

A

Consists of two limbs or extremities caleld the upper and lower limbs

31
Q

What do the upper limbs consist of?

A
  1. Brachium (arm) 2. Antebrachium (forearm) 3. Carpus (wrist) 4. Manus (hand) 5. Digits (fingers)
32
Q

What do the lower limbs consist of?

A
  1. Thigh 2. Crus (leg) 3. Tarsus (ankle) 4. Peds (foot) 5. Digits (Toes)
33
Q

What are the two types of Serous Membranes?

A
  1. Perietal Serous Membrane (PSM) 2. Visceral Serous Membrane
34
Q

What is the Perietal Serous Membrane?

A

The lining of the wall of the thoracic and abdominal caviities.

35
Q

What is the Visceral Serous Membrane?

A

When the Perietal Serous Membrane folds back to cover organs within the cavities, secreting a slippery srous fluid to keep the layer lining the wall separate from the layer covering the organ.

36
Q

What is the Pleural membrane in the thoracic cavity?

A

Lines the cavity and covers the lungs

37
Q

What is the Pericardial membrane in the thoracic cavity?

A

surrounds the heart and covers its surface

38
Q

What is the Pleural Cavity?

A

The potential (not actual) space between Pleural and Pericardial membranes.

39
Q

What is the Peritoneal membrane in the abdominal cavity?

A

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs inside.

40
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The potential space between the peritoneal membrane and organs.

Anatomy 1.1 (13 decks)

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