Vocab 3: Organizations of the Human Body Flashcards
What are the six levels of structural and functional organisation in the body?
- Chemical Level 2. Cell Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. Organ System Level 6. Organism Level
What is the “chemical level” of organization?
Involving the interaction of atoms, indivisible tiny blocks of matter. When atoms combine, they form molecules such as water, sugar, fats, and protein.
What is the “cell level” of organization?
Cells are the smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence. They are formed when molecules combine to form organelles which then combine to create cells.
What is the “tissue level” of organization?
Tissue is a collection of similar cells and intracellular substances surrounding them.
What 4 tissues make up the body?
- Epithlium 2. Connective (blood bone cartilage) 3. Muscular 4. Nervous tissues.
What is the “organ level” of organization?
An organ is made up of two or more tissue types that perform one of more common functions. For example the heart, skin, eye, etc.
What is the “organ system level” of organization?
Organ system is a group of organs that have a common function or a set of functions that are viewed as a unit: ie, the digestive system
What is the “organism level” of organization?
An organism is any living individual, whether animal or plant considered as a whole.
What are body cavities?
any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of vessels (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels).
What are the 3 major features of the human body?
- Cavities 2. Membranes 3. Organ Systems
What is the Axial Region?
The head, neck, and trunk
What are the two major cavities of the Axial Region?
- The dorsal cavity (back) 2. the larger, Ventral cavity (front/stomach)
What 2 parts make up the Dorsal Cavity?
- The cranial cavity (the brain) 2. The vetebral canal (the spine)
What 2 parts make up the Ventral Cavity?
- The thoracic cavity 2. the Abdonino pelvic cavity
What materials make up the walls of the dorsal and ventral cavity?
Skin, skeletel muscles, and bones
What is the diaphragm?
The thin muscles that separates the thoracic cavity, which is above it and abdominopelvic cavity, which is below it.
What position is the diaphragm when at rest?
The diaphragm curves upward into the thorax like a dome when at rest.
What position is the diaphragm when active?
The diaphragm contracts during inhalation, pressing down upon the abdominal viscera.
What is viscera?
Organs within the cavity
What is inside the thoracic cavity?
- Lungs 2. Mediastinum 3. heart 4. trachea 5. esophagus 6.thymus gland
What is the location and role of the Mediastinum?
- between the lungs 2. Separates thorax into R+L compartments for lungs
What 2 parts make up the abdominal cavity?
- Upper Abdominal portion 2. the lower pelvic region
What viscera is located in the upper abdominal cavity?
- stomach 2. liver 3. gallbladder 4. spleen 5. small intestine 6. large intestine
What viscera is located in the lower pelvic region of the abdominal cavity?
- terminal end of the large intestine 2. the urinary bladder 3. internal reproductive organs
What are the quadrants of the abdominal region? How are they abbreviated?
- Righ upper quadrant (RUQ) 2. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) 3. Left upper quadrant (LUQ) 4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
What lines divide the abdomen into nine regions?
Vertical: Midclavicular lines, Superior Horizontal: Subcostal line, Inferior Horizontal: Intertubercular line
What are the 3 lateral regions of the abdomen (when divided in 9 regions)?
Hypochondriac, Lumbar, and Iliac/Inguinal regions.
What are the 3 medial regions of the abdomen (when divided in 9 regions)?
Epigastric, Umbilical, and Hypogastric (Pubic) regions.
What cavities are contained in the head?
- Oral Cavity (teeth and tongue) 2. Nasal Cavity (sinuses) 3. Orbital Cavities (eyes) 4. Middle Ear Cavities (ear bones)
What is the Appendicular Region?
Consists of two limbs or extremities caleld the upper and lower limbs
What do the upper limbs consist of?
- Brachium (arm) 2. Antebrachium (forearm) 3. Carpus (wrist) 4. Manus (hand) 5. Digits (fingers)
What do the lower limbs consist of?
- Thigh 2. Crus (leg) 3. Tarsus (ankle) 4. Peds (foot) 5. Digits (Toes)
What are the two types of Serous Membranes?
- Perietal Serous Membrane (PSM) 2. Visceral Serous Membrane
What is the Perietal Serous Membrane?
The lining of the wall of the thoracic and abdominal caviities.
What is the Visceral Serous Membrane?
When the Perietal Serous Membrane folds back to cover organs within the cavities, secreting a slippery srous fluid to keep the layer lining the wall separate from the layer covering the organ.
What is the Pleural membrane in the thoracic cavity?
Lines the cavity and covers the lungs
What is the Pericardial membrane in the thoracic cavity?
surrounds the heart and covers its surface
What is the Pleural Cavity?
The potential (not actual) space between Pleural and Pericardial membranes.
What is the Peritoneal membrane in the abdominal cavity?
Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs inside.
What is the peritoneal cavity?
The potential space between the peritoneal membrane and organs.
