Vocab 11: Parts of the Cell Flashcards
Ribosomes
Site of Protein Synthesis. tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein, floating free or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in the cytoplasm.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm. Smooth ER does not play a part in protein synthesis, it is a site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, stores and transports the proteins made on ribosomes to other cell areas.
Golgi Apparatus
Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends found close to the nucleus. Packages proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation int other plasma membrane in packaging lysosomal enzymes.
Lysosomes
Various sized membrane sacs containing digestive enzymes. Digests worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances. Have the capacity for total cell destruction.
Peroxisomes
Similar to lysosomes but contain oxidase enzymes to digest alcohol, free radicals, and are abundant in liver and kidney cells.
Mitochondria
“The power house of the cell” Produces ATP. Rod shaped bodies with a double membrane wall, inner membrane is folded, contains enzymes that oxidize food.
Centrioles
Paired cyclindrical bodies that sit at right angles from one another. A pair is called a centrosome. direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division, for the bases of cilia and flagella and in that role are called basal bodies.
Cytoskeletal elements
For the internal scaffolding “the cytoskeleton” Cellular support, intracellular transport. 1. Microfilaments 2. Intermediate filaments 3. Microtubules
Microfilaments
formed from actin, an are important to cell mobility esp in muscles.
Intermediate filaments
stable elements composed of a variety of proteins and resist mechanical forces acting on cells
Microtubules
form the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape.
