Vocab Flashcards
substance produced when acetylcholine broken down
acetic acid
enzyme destroys acetylcholine; inactivates effect
acetycholinesterase
lower part of spine btwn lowest pair of ribs and pelvis; made up of 5 vertebrae
lumbar
center portion of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine
adrenal medulla
nerves that are connected to tissue
innervations
coming back to the center, for example, nerves from the periphery to cns
afferent
over activity of the thyroid gland, causing nervousness, weight loss, hair changes
hyperthyroidism
the atria beat rapidly and inconsistently; irregular heartbeat
atrial fibrillation
elevated body temp
hyperthermia
disorder present in children and adults, characterized by learning and behavior probs, inability to pay attention, and sometimes hyperactivity
attention deficit disorder (ADD)
elevated body temp; side effect of aspirin overdose
hyperpyrexia
drug increases diameter of the bronchioles, improves breathing and relives muscle contraction or buildup of mucus
bronchodilators
rate at which heart pumps blood; units= heartbeats per minute
heart rate
cessation of heart beat; results from a heart attack, respiratory arrest, electrical shock, drug overdose, or a severe allergic reaction
cardiac arrest
perception that occurs when there is actually nothing there to cause it (e.g. hearing voices when none exist)
hallucinations
stimulated, activated, or transmitted by choline
cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
breaking down of glycogen
glycogenolysis
spasm of accommodation
cyclyplegia
transient erythema
plushing
change in polarity (e.g., positive to negative)
depolarization
effects that occur when sympathetic autonomic nervous system is stimulated
fight or flight
acts by stimulation of the receptor
direct acting
w/ high doses of epinephrine, the alpha-effect predominates and leads to an increase in bp and a reflex decrease in heart rate (similar to norepinephrine); when the dose is lower, beta-effects predominate (alpha receptors are less sensitive) beta1 increases heart rate, beta 2 produces vasodilation and reflex tachycardia
epinephrine reversal
conveying or conducting away from an organ or part
efferent
hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress, exercise, or fear; increases heart rate and opens airways to improve breathing; also called adrenaline
epinephrine
changes in diameter of blood vessel caused by the heart beat; synonymous w/ the heart rate
pulse
acute rise in body temp, muscle rigidity; caused by change in body’s muscle metabolism; can be fatal
malignant hyperthermia
Mental disorder in which a serious inability to think perceive and judge clearly causes loss of touch with reality
Psychosis
The soft center part of an organ or body structure (eg, meant medulla oblongata [brain], Renal medulla [kidney])
Medulla
Nerve fibers that precede the ganglia especially in autonomic nervous system
Preganglionic fibers
Constriction of pupil
Miosis
Abnormal sensitivity of the eyes to light
Photophobia
Enzyme that destroys single Amines
Momamine oxidase
Tumor that secretes epinephrine
Pheochromocytoma
Slippery fluid produced by mucous membranes that lubricates and protects the internal surfaces of the body
Mucus
Narrowing of blood vessels in the legs or arms; causing pain and possibly tissue death (gangrene) as a result of a reduced flow of blood to areas supplied by the narrow vessels
Peripheral vascular disease
Receptors that are activated by muscarine; contained in certain mushrooms; Anticholinergics block this action
Muscarinic
Opposition to flow of blood through the vessels, varies with vessel diameter; total peripheral resistance
Peripheral resistance
Disease in which the muscles, mainly those in the face eyes throat and limbs, become weak and tire quickly; caused by the body’s immune system attacking the receptors in the muscles that pick up nerve impulses
Myasthenia gravis
Lack of brain dopamine; leads to muscle stiffness, weakness, and trembling
Parkinson’s disease
Dilation of the pupils
Mydriasis
Llium motility reduced or absent; often caused by general anesthetics
Paralytic ileus
Frequent and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep; excessive sleepiness
Narcolepsy
Inability to move a muscle
Paralysis
Disease with elevated pressure in Eye because of narrow angle; treated with emergency surgery; 5% of glaucoma cases
Narrow angle glaucoma
Excessively large dose of a drug; can lead to a coma and death; used to commit suicide
Overdose
Synapse between the nervous innovations and the somatic (voluntary) muscles
Neuromuscular junction
Organic compounds that combine with acetylcholinesterase, in activating it, called irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors; used as insecticides and war gases
Organophosphate
Disease with elevated pressure in eye; treated with ophthalmic drops; 95% of glaucoma cases
Open angle glaucoma
Reduced saliva (dry mouth)
Xerostomia
Has effects on cardiac muscle similar to quinidine
Quinidine-like
Thick
Viscous
Disease involving constriction of blood vessels of extremities
Raynaud’s syndrome
Sac containing something; in autonomic nervous system vesicle store neurotransmitters
Vesicles
Structural protein molecule that binds with specific agents (ligands)
Receptor
Blood vessels Widen
Vasodilation
Cord used around tooth to separate tissue from tooth, improves accuracy of impression; may contain epinephrine
Retraction cord
Blood vessels narrow
Vasoconstriction
Part of the vertebral column near the pelvis, includes the coccyx
Sacral
Vagal nerve; parasympathetic autonomic nervous system stimulates Vagus; produces bradycardia
Vagus
Relating to body or trunk of body
Somatic
Retained urine in the bladder; associated with prostatic hypertrophy
Urinary retention
Salivary gland located below the tongue
Sublingual gland
Increase in heart rate
Tachycardia
Salivary gland in lower jaw
Sub maxillary gland
Space between nerve cells or between nerve cells and effector organ (space between)
Synaptic cleft
