Exam II SG Flashcards
t/f:
atropine has no effect on wide angle glaucoma
true
t/f:
atropine is indicated for narrow angle glaucoma
false
t/f:
adrenergics are contraindicated for patients with hyperthyroidism
true
t/f:
parasympatholitics are good agents for someone who has prostate hypertrophy
false
t/f:
catecholamines are potent inotropes
true
t/f:
drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters on alpha-adrenergic blocking agent
false
t/f: sclopamine is a CNS stimulant used to treat motion sickness
true
t/f:
isoproterenol is an exogenous catecholamine
false
t/f:
norepinephrine and phenylephrine stimulates both alpha and beta receptors
false
t/f:
epinephrine is the mediator for the adrenergic system
true
t/f:
nicotine is so toxic one drop on the skin is rapidly fatal
true
a catecholamine-secreting tumor that causes severe hypertension
pheochromocytoma
______(dantrolene) is the drug of choice for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrium
_____ is given to reduce postoperative muscle pain
curare
_____ a disease that causes intermittent pallor, cyanosis, or redness of the fingers
Raynaud’s Syndrome
____ occurs when there is a drop in BP that occurs when a person stands up
postural hypotension
_____ is the drug of choice for treating shock
dopamine
precursor of dopamine, NE and EPI
tyrosine
_____ have supplementary use in the treatment of parkinsonism causing the relase of dopamine
amphetamines
_____ is a disease in which spontaneous deep sleep can occur at any time. this condition is treated w/ _______
sympathomimetics
used to tx peripheral vascular disease like Raynaud’s syndrome
phenoxybenzamine
_____ refers to the paralysis of accommodation so that the lens is focused for distance and near vision is blurred
cytoplegia
_____ nervous system originates in the S2-S4
parasympathetic
_____ (labetalol) has both alpha and beta blocking action
normodyne
______ are two enzymes involved in the metabolism of a portion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine
MAO
COMT
has both alpha and beta receptor activity
epinephrine
drugs that cause heart to beat faster
chronotropic
drugs that cause heart to beat stronger
inotropic
chemical formula for catecholamines
NH2(little 2)
mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
parasympathomimetic agents
primary areas of innervation for the CN in the PAN system
III-oculomotor
VII-facial
IX-glossopharyngeal
X-vagus
mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
sympathomimetics
nervous system is rest and digest
Parasympathetic nervous system
types of meds used to tx xerostomia, urinary retention and glaucoma
direct acting cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) agents
opposite adverse reaction for SLUD
dry mouth
blurred vision
constipation
urinary retention
nervous system originates in the t1-l2
sympathetic
eyes dilated and sensitive to light; name of condition
photophobia
specific autonomic side effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs
anticholinergic effects
parotid glands have _____ innervation
parasympathetic
submandibular glands have _____ innervation
sympathetic
sublingual glands have ____ innervation
sympathetic
____ used to treat motion sickness
scoplamine
SLUD stands for
salivation
lacrimation
urination
defecation
epinephrine is released by the
adrenal medulla postganglionic fibers
system SLUD deals with
cholinergic
____ dominates nervous system during stress
SANS
neurotransmitter for the SANS is
norepinephrine
adrenal medulla innervated by the
sympathetic preganglionic fibers
neurotransmitter for PANS
acetylcholine
type of clogoma occurs in 5% of patients
narrow
good for someone w/ heart failure
inotropic
receptors to which adrenergic agonists bind are termed ______, which means, “related to nerves that release _______”
adrenergic
norepinephrine and epinephrine
neurons that release acetylcholine are termed _____
neuromuscular junction
the ____ nervous system accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure
sympathetic
the _____ nervous system slows heart rate, increases intestinal and glandular activity and relaxes muscles
parasympathetic
repolarization occurs as the sodium channel closes. what phase does this occur in?
II
depolarization occurs as the sodium channel opens. what phase does this occur in
I
which is an exogenous catecholamine
isoproterenol
type of agents cause blurred vision and constipation
anticholinergics
agents used to treat xerostomia and glaucoma
parasympathomimetics
reaction occurring with smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, gland cells and has a NT-acetylcholine
muscarinic
neostigmine is (reversible/irreversible) cholinesterase inhibitor
reversible
reaction occurs w/ postganglionic neurons, skeletal muscle end plates and has a NT-acetylcholine
muscarinic
neurotransmitter btwn the postganglionic fiber and the effector organ in the SANS
norepinephrine
tx pt w/ xerostomia
parasympathomimetics/cholinergics
drug to tx an overdose of irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
atropine, 2-pralidoximine
activity of SANS neurotransmitter is terminated mainly by
reuptake into neuron
autonomic nervous system responsible for regulation of
BP heart rate GI motility salivary gland secretion bronchial smooth muscle
neurotransmitter for sympathetic system is
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter for parasympathetic system
acetylcholine
parasympathetic system the pupils are
constricted
helps w/ action of heart and lungs and enables body to meet stressful situations
epinephrine
if vasoconstriction is occurring what receptors are being stimulated
alpha
w/ bronchodilation is occurring what receptors are being stimulated
beta2
neurotransmitter for muscarinic receptor cites is
acetylcholine
which inhibitors doe we work with
reversible cholinersterase inhibitors
SLUD is an adverse reaction for
cholinergic drugs
immodium AD is what type of drug
anticholinergic
when pupils are dilated by an optometrist, what is occurring?
mydriasis
the cardiovascular effects of adrenergic medications increases the strength of contraction of the heart, this is good for what type of patients?
pts with congestive heart failure
if a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction type I; what type of adrengic medication can be given to help the situation
epinephrine
you will have a decrease salivary flow with
sympathetics
craniosacral outflow is another name for
parasympathetics
type of drugs to avoid w/ pts that have glaucoma
anticholinergic
type of drugs to avoid w/ pts that have prostate hypertophy
anticholinergics
fight or flight
sympathetic
neurotransmitter btwn postganglionic fiber and the ffector organ in the SANS is
norepinephrine
tx pt with xerostomia
cholinergics
catecholamine is a chemical compound derived from the amino acid called
tyrosine
PANS preganglionic neurons released which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
drug group least likely to produce xerostomia
antibiotics
pts givent to prevent choking on their own saliva during general anesthesia
parasympatholytics
signs of epinephrine toxicity include
tachycardia
produces mydriasis
anticholinergics
best to tx xerostomia
pilocarpine
an irreversible adverse reaction of the phenothiaziness that occurs in older women who have used them for many years is
tardivedyskinesia
what would be an indirect effect of an alpha1 agonist on the heart rate
decrease heart reate
used to tx acute toxicity from the anticholinergic agent atropine
physostigmine
anticholinergic agent used to tx ephysema
ipratropium
most common mechanism for drug interaction of older anticonvulsants
enzyme stimulation
advantage of gapapentin over the older anticonvulsants
fewer days
drug group most likely to produce dry mouth
anticholinergics
drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect it is called
antagonist
sypathomimetics used to tx all except
nervousness
most likely to exhibit a drug interaction w/ epinephrine
tricyclic antidepressants
______ is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
cholinergics
atropine blocks the _____ receptor
acetylcholine
side effect of atropine
moist hot skin
pt had effect from epinephrine given a B-blocker, one could expect pts heart rate to
decrease
drug is a quaternary drug
ipratropium (Atrovent)
propantheline (pro-Banthine)
pt with either of the 2 following conditions, atropine should be used with caution
enlarged prostate
wide angle glaucoma
what should be given to a pt who has been given too much prilocarpine
atropine
drug group that frequently produces xerostomia is
tricyclic antidepressant
phenylephrine (an a-agonist) indirectly produces ____ in heart rate
decrease
the direct effect of epinephrine is to _____ heart rate
increase
drug w/ anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following except
salivation
pt exhibits excessive sweating (that is not caused by excessive ambient temperatures or exercise) this could be due to
stimulation of PANS
effect assoc with tachycardia, mydriasis, bronchodialation and pale skin
adrenergic antagonistic
statement about antipsychotic is false
interact significantly w/ epinephrine
nonspecific B-blockers (like propranolol) can interact w/ epinephrine and produce
bradycardia
not caused by the parasympatholytics
diarrhea
can produce lithium toxicity in a pt taking lithium
naproxen
effects of the cholinergic agents include all of the following except
constipation
cholinergic agents can be used to manage
xerostomia
which 2 produce miosis
adrenergic blockers
parasympathomimetics
likely to produce tachycardia
cholinergics
more important quality for a drug to have
efficacy
which drugs would be most appropriate for a pt w/ dental phobia
nitrous oxide, lorazepam
antipsychotic agents can also be used for
nausea
pts w/ parkinsonism may be helped if they receive
anticholinergic
xerostomia w/ dry pebbly appearance of the palate and gums can be caused by
amitriptyline (Elavil)
portion of brain controls respiration
medulla oblongata
sympathomimetic drug that can increase bp
epinephrine
combined action of 2 drugs is greater than sum of their individual actions
synergy
while teaching pt about drug therapy for diabetes, you review absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents. which principal of pharmacology are you describing
pharmacokinetics
type of drug therapy used for pt who have chronic condition that cant be cured
maintenance therapy
branch of pharmacology studies the mechanisms of action of drugs and seeks to understand how drugs work in living organisms
pharmakodynamics
during bethanechol therapy, which common adverse reaction should you expect to observe
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal cramps
catecholamines act as potent inotropes. that means they
contract forcal
noncatecholamines can interact w/ monoamine oxidase inhibitors to caused
severe hypertension
beta-adrenergic blockers have widespread effects b/c they produce their blocking action in the
adrenal medulla
drug that causes xerostomia is blocking drug
anticholinergics
precautions must be taken when drugs are administered to geriatric pt b/c elderly ppl
metabolize less rapidly &?
action is not caused by epinephrine
miosis
action not a potential side effect of epinephrine
bronchospasm
after receiving a local anesthetic injection, the pt experiences anaphylaxis. to tx this condition immediately, you used which drug
epinephrine
an excess of which hormone can be assoc w/ an increased sensitivity to epinephrine
thyroid
exothalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, heat intolerance and hypertension most likely suggest which condition
hyperthyroidism
ace inhibitors end in
-pril
beta blockers end in
-olol
beta-blockers block ____ for heart
beta-adrenergic receptors
which one is for the heart
B1
local anesthetic can be administered intravenously to tx cardiac arrhythmias
lidocane
good for tx benign prostatic hypertrophy (to increase ease of urination)
alpha adrenergic blockers
factors determines dose of drug to be administered
age, weight, pt physical condition
12 CN
I olfactory II optic III oculomotor IV trochlear V trigeminal VI abducens VII facial VIII vestibulocochlear IX glossopharyngeal X vagus XI accessory XII hypoglossal
indirect acting sympathetic agonist:
amphetamine
acetylcholine on heart is
negative
agent droplets endogenous norepinephrine
reserpine
