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Pharmacology > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

0
Q

T/F:

Meloxicam (MOBIC) is considered to be a propionic acid derivative

A

False

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1
Q

T/F:

Caffeine potentiates analgesic action of analgesics

A

True

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2
Q

T/F:

Aspirin should be avoided in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age

A

True

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3
Q

T/F:

NSAIDS irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation

A

True

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4
Q

T/F:

Indomethacin (Indocin) is considered to be an acetic acid derivative

A

True

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5
Q

T/F:

Ibuprofen (Advil) is considered to be a propionic acid derivative

A

True

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6
Q

T/F:

Piroxicam (Feldene) is considered to be an Oxicam

A

True

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7
Q

T/F:

Probenecid decreases the levels of NSAIDs and penicillin

A

False

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8
Q

T/F:

Fiorinal is an aspirin containing product that given by prescription only

A

True

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9
Q

T/F:

Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine and better absorbed orally

A

True

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10
Q

T/F:

A patient who feels nauseated after taking codeine is allergic to it

A

False

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11
Q

T/F:

The normal maximum dose of acetaminophen is 2 gm

A

False

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12
Q

T/F:

Aspirin should be avoided in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age

A

True

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13
Q

T/F:

Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist have more of an abuse potential then pure opioid agonist

A

False

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14
Q

T/F:

The FDA pregnancy category for opioids is B

A

False

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15
Q

T/F:

Aspirin and acetaminophen are equal in both potency and efficacy

A

True

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16
Q

T/F:
Phenacetin was removed from the market in the early 1980s because it cause methemoglobinemia was more toxic then acetaminophen

A

True

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17
Q

T/F:

It is okay to take aspirin with antihypertensives

A

False

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18
Q 
T/F:
Dental pain (e.g., pain after an extraction) is not useful as a method of testing analgesic efficacy
A

False

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19
Q

T/F:

True opioid allergy is very uncommon

A

True

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20
Q

Attempts to relieve pain while reducing toxic effects and dependency

A

Mixed opioids agonist/antagonist

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21
Q

Is the prototype opioid

A

Morphine

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22
Q

(Dolobid) is a salicylate classified as an NSAIA; that can be administered before dental procedures to delay the onset of postsurgical pain

A

Diflunisal

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23
Q

Is made of hydrocodone and acetaminophen

A

Loracet

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24
Q

Stimulates the oxidizing enzymes that metabolize acetaminophen to its toxic metabolite

A

Alcohol

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25
Q

Is the drug of choice for treatment of dental pain when NSAIA is indicated

A

Ibuprofen

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26
Q

Naproxen sodium is classified as

A

Propolonic acid

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27
Q

mg every 4 to 6 hours is the usual analgesic dose of ibuprofen

A

400-800

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28
Q

What is the MOA aspirin

A

Inhibition prostaglandin synthesis

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29
Q

Imparts the characteristic vinegar odor to a bottle of aspirin

A

Acetic acid

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30
Q

What receptors are responsive to morphine

A

Mu, delta

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31
Q

What receptors are responsive to Naloxone

A

Mu, delta, kapa

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32
Q

What receptors are responsive to Pentazocine

A

Kappa

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33
Q

Should avoid Tylenol

A

Alcoholics

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34
Q

Receptors are involved in producing analgesia

A

Mu, kappa

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35
Q

Codeine ______ pain threshold. It affects the cerebral_____ to depress the _____ to pain

A

Raises
Cortex
Reaction

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36
Q

(diphenoxylate) is a opioid used to treat diarrhea

A

Lomotil

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37
Q

What are the four pharmacologic effects of opioids

A

Analgesic
Cough suppression
G.I. effect
Sedation and euphoria

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38
Q

What are the four A’s of aspirin

A

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Antiplatelet

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40
Q

What are the three main adverse reactions of opioids

A

Respiratory depression
Nausea and Emesis
Constipation

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40
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with aspirin: probenecid (Benemid)

A

Prevent gout

Increase Acute attack of gout

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41
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with asprin: warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Anticoagulant

Bleeding or hemorrhage

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42
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with aspirin: tolbutamide (orinase)

A

Treat diabetes

Hypoglycemic effect

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43
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with aspirin: methotrexate (MTX)

A

Treat cancer and arthritis

Leads to bone marrow suppression

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44
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with aspirin: alcohol

A

Nontherapeutic

Increase bleeding or hemorrhage

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45
Q

Use for and adverse effect of while used with aspirin: other anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Pain and arthritis

Increased bleeding

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46
Q

A unique analgesic that has mu opioid agonist action and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

A

Tramadol

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47
Q

Contains 50mg of pentazocine and 0.5mg of naloxone

A

Pentazocine (Talwin)

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48
Q

The favorite drug of abuse of medical personnel

A

Meprederine

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49
Q

An orally effective agent reserved for severe pain

A

Dilaudid

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50
Q

A synthetic agent that is chemically similar to methadone the trade name is

A

Proproxopine

Darvocet 100

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51
Q

Empirin # 4 is made of

A

Aspirin and 60mg codine

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52
Q

Tylenol #3 is made of

A

30mg codeine& Acetaminophen

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53
Q

Codeine #1 is ______mg and _____gr

A

7.5

1/8

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55
Q

Naloxone is a pure opiate antagonist that is active________.

_________ is a parenteral opioid antagonist used to _______ opioid overdose.

A

Parenterally
Nalmefemene
Reverse

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56
Q

60 mg codeine has an analgesic strength about the same as ________ of aspirin or acetaminophen or______ of ibuprofen

A

650mg

200mg

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57
Q

Percocet=_____+______

A

oxycodone

acetamenophen

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58
Q

Percodan=_______+______

A

oxycodone

asprin

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59
Q

target organ for the antipyretic effects of Tylenol

A

hypothalmus

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60
Q

where is the cough center located?

A

medulla of brain

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61
Q

Vioxx or Celebrex are examples of

A

COXII inhibitors

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62
Q

an inherited disease occurring primarily in men, with an onset that usually involves one joint, often the big toe or knee

A

gout

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63
Q

____ and ____ are used to tx acute attacks of gout

A

NSAIDS

colchine

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64
Q

____ and _____ are used to prevent gout

A

probenecid

allopuronol

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65
Q

thromboxane A2 works w/ asprin and ____ aggregation

A

stimulants

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66
Q

most common adverse reactions to asprin

A

GI effects
vomiting
nausea
bleeding

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67
Q

before administerine butorphanol HCL (Stadol), the nurse asks the pt if he has used opiates. That’s because administering a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist to a pt dependent on opioid agonist-antagonist to a pt dependent on opiod agonists may cause what reactions

A

withdrawl symptoms

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68
Q

the cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually

A

respiratory depression

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69
Q

a pt taking one tab of Tylenol #3 will be getting ____ mg of codine

A

30

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70
Q

pt taking warfarin (comadin) should not be given

A

asprin

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71
Q

in overdose, acetaminophen adverselhy affects what organ

A

liver

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72
Q

what should be given to a pt who has inflammation present at the site of pain

A

ibuprofen

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73
Q

the effects of asprin on the platelets lasts about how long

A

5 days

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74
Q

____ mechanism of action is primarily peripheral and a prostaglandin systhesis inhibitor

A

Asprin & NSAIDS

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75
Q

examples of NSAIDS are

A

ibuprophen, naproxen, advil, motrin

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76
Q

both acetaminophen and asprin have ____ effect

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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77
Q

asprin acts as an

A

salicylate

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78
Q

salicylates are not the drug of choice for patients

A

gastric ulceration, hemmorage, anticoagulant

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79
Q

ibuprofen (motrin) is useful for what

A

NSAID

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80
Q

the most serious side effect of narcotic analgesics is their ability to

A

respiratory destress

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81
Q

Darvon compound 65

A

combo of asa and cafine

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82
Q

percodan

A

asa

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83
Q

midol caplets

A

asa

84
Q

carvocet N 100 combo of

A

acetaminophen and proxipropene

85
Q

most effective antitussive medication

A

codine

86
Q

analgesic raises pain thresholds (meaning, increasing pain tolerance or reducing pain) without impairing alertness or judgement

A

salycylate

87
Q

action of ASA (asprin)

A

analgesic, antipyretic, antinflammatory, antiplatelet

88
Q

drug of choice for tx of dental pain when a NSAID indicated

A

ibuprofen

89
Q

acetaminophen (tylonol) has what actions

A

antipyretic analgesic

90
Q

pure opoid antagoins; its in the dental emergency kit to treat an overdose of narcotic analgesic

A

codine

91
Q

you have a pt who presents for a cleaning. while taking vitals you notice he seems to have an increased body temp. he begins to complain of ringing in the ears and is experiencing altered sensorium. what is pt suffering from?

A

salicylism

92
Q

drug has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiplatelet actions

A

aspirin

93
Q

all of the following meds contain codeine except one. therefore, which of the following would a physician or dentist prescribe for a client in paint who is allergic to codiene

A

Darvocet

94
Q

know what Darvocet is made of

A

propayphenon apslate 100 mg; 4 acetaminophen 650 mg

95
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen can reduce the pharmacologic effect of

A

ace inhibitors

96
Q

aspirin can produce

A

GI side effects

97
Q

strongest analgesic effect

A

ibuprofen 600mg

98
Q

what is an adverse reaction to the opioids

A

respiratory depression

99
Q

which 2 of the following could be given most safety to a pt who is allergic to codeine

A

ibuprofen, dexatroproxypheric

100
Q

most efficacious?

A

oxycodone

101
Q

drug of choice to tx pt who has taken overdose of opioid

A

naloxone

102
Q

can be managed/txed w/ opioids

A

diarrhea

103
Q

an overdose of codeine that significantly depresses breathing is tx w/

A

naloxone

104
Q

makes sense to mix codeine w/ all except

A

hydrocodone/ (thyrocodone?)

105
Q

all are side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents except

A

fluid loss

106
Q

opioid agonist can produce all except

A

fluid retention

107
Q

does not have a drug interaction w/ the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

A

codeine

108
Q

acute overdose of acetaminophen hurts the

A

liver

109
Q

if a person drinks an average of 2 beers daily, how many extra strength acetaminophen tablets can that person take in 1 day w/o going over maximum dose

A

4 tabs

110
Q

pt takes aspirin (weak acid) and chews 2 antacids at same time, the absorption of the aspirin would be ____ the absorption that would have occurred if pt had not taken antacids

A

less than

111
Q

if an adult has a fever, all of the following except _____ would reduce fever

A

codeine

112
Q

allopurinol is used to manage pt with

A

gout

113
Q

used to tx acute attack of gout

A

colchine

114
Q

true allergy to aspirin occurs in about ____ of population

A

<1%

115
Q

an advantage of the NSAIDS over opioids

A

nonaddictive

116
Q

pt needs extraction. to ensure pt’s bleeding time will be normal how long should you wait to preform procedure after taken aspirin

A

36 hrs

117
Q

what to aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in common

A

analgesics

118
Q

NSAIDS may reduce the antihypertensive effects of all except

A

calcium channel blocker

119
Q

pt exhibits excessive sweating (not caused by excessive ambient temp or exercise) could be due to

A

stimulant of PANS

120
Q

not caused by parasympatholytics

A

diarrhea

121
Q

drug placed in FDA category B it means

A

animals struggle, no risk, not good habits

122
Q

prostaglandins used therapeutically for

A

ulcers caused by NSAIDS

123
Q

half life of drug is 12 hrs, what % of dosage would remain after 36hrs

A

12.5%

124
Q

can produce lithium toxicity in pt taking lithium

A

naproxen

125
Q

pharmacology is study of

A

drugs & medicine

126
Q

the ___ regulates trade practices of drug companies and prohibits false advertising of foods, OTC drugs and cosmetics

A

FTC

127
Q

not approved for efficacy and safety by FDA

A

vitamins

128
Q

the ____ of a drug is a function of the amount of drug required to produce an effect

A

potency

129
Q

a ____ has affinity for a receptor, combines w/ that receptor, and produces an effect

A

agonist

130
Q

the ___ is the strongest bond and not rapidly reversible

A

covalent

131
Q

a ___ is a dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic effect

A

side-effect

132
Q

a ____ is a genetically related abnormal drug response

A

idiosyncratic

133
Q

a therapeutic index greater than ___ is needed to produce a therapeutically useful drug

A

10

134
Q

codeine is a schedule ____ drug

A

II

135
Q

the ___ includes name of drug, dose form, and amount

A

inscription

136
Q

the ____ sets requirements for writing prescriptions for drugs frequently prescribed in dental office

A

control substitute act

137
Q

action of acetylcholine is terminated by

A

hydrolysis

138
Q

tx of an overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors includes ___ and ___

A

atropine

pralidoxine

139
Q

action of norepinephrine terminated by

A

reuptake into presynaptic nerve

140
Q

dentist prescribed Percodan for pt after difficult extraction, pt arrives w/ family member somewhat confused and short of breath. low bp, slowed heart rate, nausea, pinpoint pupils

A

adverse reaction

141
Q

antagonist pharmacological agent that should be used to tx pt in pervious question

A

naloxone

142
Q

6 neurotransmitters

A 
norepinephrine/epinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
GABA
histamine
143
Q

pulpitis

A

neuropathic chronic pain

144
Q

post-herpetic neuralgia

A

neuropathic chronic pain

145
Q

oral dysesthesia

A

nociceptive acute pain

146
Q

maxillary sinusitis

A

nociceptive acute pain

147
Q

migaines

A

neuropathic chronic pain

148
Q

cancer

A

nociceptive acute pain

149
Q

fibromyalgia

A

neuropathic chronic pain

150
Q

exodontia

A

nociceptive acute pain

151
Q

med for neuropathic pain

A

gabapentin & Neurontin

152
Q

diaphoresis

A

perspiration

153
Q

diflunisal

A

dolobid

154
Q

dyspepsia

A

“upset stomach”; impaired gastric function

155
Q

dysphoria

A

mood of general dissatisfaction, restlessness, anxiety, depression

156
Q

eupepsia

A

good digestion

157
Q

euphoria

A

feeling of well being

158
Q

fentanyl

A

sublimaze

159
Q

hydrocodone

A

in lorcet; Vicodin

160
Q

hydromorphone

A

dilaudid

161
Q

ibuprofen

A

Motrin

162
Q

ketorolac

A

toradol

163
Q

loperamide

A

Imodium

164
Q

meperidine

A

Demerol

165
Q

methadone

A

dolophine

166
Q

naproxen

A

Naprosyn

167
Q

naproxen sodium

A

anaprox

168
Q

oxycodone

A

in Percocet; tylox

169
Q

propoxyphene

A

in Darvocet-N 100

170
Q

moa of aspirin may produce analgesia by inhibiting synthesis of ____ in the CNS

A

Prostaglandin

171
Q

prolonged administration of large doses of aspirin results in

A

occult bleeding, anemia, or massive GI hemorrhage

172
Q

ibuprofen is an NSAID that possesses ____&___ activities

A

analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic

173
Q

indomethacin should be used cautiously in pt w/ ____,____, and ___or___ dz

A

epilepsy
parkinsonism
hepatic
renal

174
Q

reye’s syndrome may develop in children when ____ is used to tx fever from ____ infections

A

aspirin

viral

175
Q

chemical agent may be released in tissue injury during th process of inflammation

A

prostaglandin

176
Q

prevent formation of the platelet-aggregating substance

A

aspirin

177
Q

indicated for tx of pt w/ ductus arteriosus

A

indomethacin

178
Q

salicylates s/b used w/ caution in pts on which med

A

anticoagulant

179
Q

ibuprofen may be given to pts in all disorder/conditions except

A

dysmenorrhea
fever
rheumatoid arthritis
NOT peptic ulcer

180
Q

the isoenzyme cox-2 is primarily assoc w/

A

inflammation

181
Q

acetaminophen lacks

A

anti-inflammatory

182
Q

like traditional NSAIDS, the cox-2 inhibitors cause all except

A

diarrhea
dyspepsia
abdominal pain
NOT osteoarthritis

183
Q

adverse effects of acetaminophen are

A

rare

184
Q

FDA labeled celecoxib for tx of

A

rheumatoid arthritis

185
Q

acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

186
Q

meloxicam

A

movera

187
Q

celecoxib

A

Celebrex

188
Q

pentazocine/naloxone

A

talwin

189
Q

nalmefene HCI

A

revex

190
Q

semisynthetic narcotics include

A

oxycodone

191
Q

adverse effects of morphine include all except

A

dry mouth
constipation
biliary tract spasms
NOT hypertension

192
Q

opioids or opiates can interact w/ alcohol and cause

A

respiratory depression

193
Q

hydrocodone is classified as

A

schedule III

194
Q

oxycodone is classified as schedule

A

II

195
Q

opioids may be natural, synthetic or ____ morphine related substances

A

semisynthetic

196
Q

the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum contain approx. 9.5%

A

morphine

197
Q

safety of naloxone during pregnancy or lactation is

A

not established

198
Q

____ contraindicated in pt receiving opioid analgesics or in acute opioid withdrawal

A

naltrexone

199
Q

phenothiazine’s may interact w/ naltrexone and cause increased ___ and ____

A

somnolence

lethargy

200
Q

naloxone and naltrexone are

A

synthetic opioid antagonist

201
Q

often used w/ aspirin or acetaminophen

A

oxycodone

202
Q

often used during open-heart surgery

A

fentanyl

203
Q

used for detoxification of opioid addiction

A

methadone

204
Q

fewer undesirable effects than morphine

A

synthetic opioid analgesics

205
Q

more addicting than codeine

A

hydrocodone

206
Q

has caused fatal reactions within 14 days

A

meperidine

207
Q

the principal moa for fentanyl are ___ and ___ but its action is more prompt and less than morphine

A

analgesia

sedation

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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