Ch 7, 8, 9 SG Flashcards
cephalosporines have about a 10% cross-hypersensitivity with
penicillin
milk should not be given concomitantly with
tetracyclines
what can prolong penicillin’s effet?
probenecid
the overgrowth of an organism that was not present when the tx of an infection began is termed
superinfection
pts who are given metronidazole should be warned about
alcohol
they should not have alcohol
what condition does a patient who is taking isoniazid and rifampin have
tuberculosis
blue-pigmented oral lesions in adults and vestibular dysfunction are associated with
minocycline
what could be given to a patient before root planning when the patient has a history of infective endocardititis, is allergic to penicillin, and has severe gatric upset with erythromycin
clindamycin
cardiac dose of epinephrine is
0.04
an advantage of the amide over the ester local anesthetics
lack of allergenicity
macrolids include
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
patient has had an artificial hip replacement for 10 years without any problems. what should this patient take an hour before appointment for oral prophylaxis
nothing
if bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal agents are given concomitantly, one might expect
they cancel eachother out
which two have excellent anaerobic coverage
metronidazole
clindamycin
major problem with use of erythromycin
GI effects
agent produces a statistically significant change in duration of recurrent herpes simplex lesions in the immunocompenent patient
penciclovir
antibiotic associated colitis is most closly associated with
clindamycin
usful in tx of oral candididiasis
clotrimazole
pt who has taken tetracycline exhibits white patchy oral lesions that bleed when they are scraped. what should be used to tx these lesions
nystatin
essentially ineffective against anaerobic bacteria
erythromycin
theophylline toxicity may result if a patient aleardy taking theophylline is given
erythromycin
which dosage form of nystatin is the least cariogenic (has lowest sugar content)?
vaginal tablet
penicillin has a ____ spectrum of action and tetracyclin has a ____ spectrum of action
narrow
wide
what is resistant to penicillinase
augmentin
if a patient is allergic to penicillin, there is a 10% cross-hypersensitivity to
cephalosporines
which should be avoided in the tx of a patient with alcoholism?
metronidazole
which drug should be used before an oral prophylaxis for a patient who has rheumatic heart disease
amoxicillin
pt who is allergic to penicillin will have an allergic reaction to which of the following drugs
cephalexin
which drug is used to tx an infection with candida albicans
nystatin
when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50% decrease in intestianal absorption of the medication
tetracyclin
MOA of local anesthetics is to
interfere with function of the neurons
preferred over penicillin and ampicillin because it requires less daily dosing
amoxicillin
of all the drugs in dental office; _____ most likely to cause an anaphylactic reaction
penicillin
2 grams 1 hour before dental treatment is the antibiotic regimin for
amoxicillin
most common reported side effect associated with any of the antibiotics is
GI effects
most common manifestation of allergy to penicillin is
rash
examples of antifungal agents
nystatin
clotrimazole
ketoconazole
fluconazole
most frequent antifuncal angent used in dentistry
imidazole
amide or ester?
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
amide
amide or ester?
mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
amide
amide or ester?
procaine (Novocaine)
ester
amide or ester?
tetracaine (Pontocaine)
ester
amide or ester?
prilocaine (Citanest)
amide
amide or ester?
propoxycaine (Ravocaine)
ester
amide or ester?
bupivacaine (Marcaine)
amide
amides are not likely to cause allergic reactions. an additive that may trigger a reaction is
sodium metabisulfite
most commonly used vasoconstrictor
epinephrine
most commonly used topical anesthetic
benzocaine
local anesthetic of choice when a long duration of action is required, eg. long dental procedure on post op pain is expected
bupivacaine
used to proved some local anesthetic to a patient with a history of allergy to all local anesthetics
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
makes local anesthetic solution isotonic
sodium chloride
prevents bacteria from growing local anesthetic solution that is used repeatedly
methylparaben
is a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions
epinephrine
adjust the pH of local anesthetic solutions
sodium hydroxide
acts as an antioxidant in local anesthetic solutions
sodium metabisulfite
a patient is given extensive doses of a broad-spectrum antibiotic. a sequela that may develop is
black hairy tongue
penicillin acts by interfering with the syntheisis of the
cell wall
a pt with a history of which of the following may required antibiotic premedication before subgingival instrumentation
prosthetic cardiac valve
pervious infective endocarditis
congenital heart disease (CHD)
which of the following drugs is used to tx infection with candida albicans
nystatin
prophylactic antibiotic therapy is necessary for patients with the following conditions except
mitral valve prolapse
rheumatic heart disease
bicuspid valve disease
calcified aortic stenosis
drugs used to tx hyperlipidemia
-statin
most often used drug in dentistry
local anesthetic
order of nerve function loss
- autonomic
- cold
- warmth
- pain
- touch
- pressure
- vibration
- proprioception
- motor
ending of protease inhibitors
-vir (or -avir)
ending of nucleoside analogs
-ine
ending of nonnucleoside analogs
root of -vir-; ending in -ine
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
saquinavir
protease
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
didanosine
nucleoside
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
delavirdine
nonnucleoside
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
ritonavir
protease
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
zidovudine
nucleoside
protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
nevirapine
nonnucleoside
