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Pharmacology > Ch 7, 8, 9 SG > Flashcards

Ch 7, 8, 9 SG Flashcards

1
Q

cephalosporines have about a 10% cross-hypersensitivity with

A

penicillin

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2
Q

milk should not be given concomitantly with

A

tetracyclines

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3
Q

what can prolong penicillin’s effet?

A

probenecid

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4
Q

the overgrowth of an organism that was not present when the tx of an infection began is termed

A

superinfection

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5
Q

pts who are given metronidazole should be warned about

A

alcohol

they should not have alcohol

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6
Q

what condition does a patient who is taking isoniazid and rifampin have

A

tuberculosis

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7
Q

blue-pigmented oral lesions in adults and vestibular dysfunction are associated with

A

minocycline

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8
Q

what could be given to a patient before root planning when the patient has a history of infective endocardititis, is allergic to penicillin, and has severe gatric upset with erythromycin

A

clindamycin

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9
Q

cardiac dose of epinephrine is

A

0.04

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10
Q

an advantage of the amide over the ester local anesthetics

A

lack of allergenicity

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11
Q

macrolids include

A

erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin

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12
Q

patient has had an artificial hip replacement for 10 years without any problems. what should this patient take an hour before appointment for oral prophylaxis

A

nothing

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13
Q

if bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal agents are given concomitantly, one might expect

A

they cancel eachother out

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14
Q

which two have excellent anaerobic coverage

A

metronidazole

clindamycin

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15
Q

major problem with use of erythromycin

A

GI effects

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16
Q

agent produces a statistically significant change in duration of recurrent herpes simplex lesions in the immunocompenent patient

A

penciclovir

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17
Q

antibiotic associated colitis is most closly associated with

A

clindamycin

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18
Q

usful in tx of oral candididiasis

A

clotrimazole

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19
Q

pt who has taken tetracycline exhibits white patchy oral lesions that bleed when they are scraped. what should be used to tx these lesions

A

nystatin

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20
Q

essentially ineffective against anaerobic bacteria

A

erythromycin

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21
Q

theophylline toxicity may result if a patient aleardy taking theophylline is given

A

erythromycin

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22
Q

which dosage form of nystatin is the least cariogenic (has lowest sugar content)?

A

vaginal tablet

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23
Q

penicillin has a ____ spectrum of action and tetracyclin has a ____ spectrum of action

A

narrow

wide

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24
Q

what is resistant to penicillinase

A

augmentin

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25
Q

if a patient is allergic to penicillin, there is a 10% cross-hypersensitivity to

A

cephalosporines

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26
Q

which should be avoided in the tx of a patient with alcoholism?

A

metronidazole

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27
Q

which drug should be used before an oral prophylaxis for a patient who has rheumatic heart disease

A

amoxicillin

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28
Q

pt who is allergic to penicillin will have an allergic reaction to which of the following drugs

A

cephalexin

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29
Q

which drug is used to tx an infection with candida albicans

A

nystatin

30
Q

when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50% decrease in intestianal absorption of the medication

A

tetracyclin

31
Q

MOA of local anesthetics is to

A

interfere with function of the neurons

32
Q

preferred over penicillin and ampicillin because it requires less daily dosing

A

amoxicillin

33
Q

of all the drugs in dental office; _____ most likely to cause an anaphylactic reaction

A

penicillin

34
Q

2 grams 1 hour before dental treatment is the antibiotic regimin for

A

amoxicillin

35
Q

most common reported side effect associated with any of the antibiotics is

A

GI effects

36
Q

most common manifestation of allergy to penicillin is

A

rash

37
Q

examples of antifungal agents

A

nystatin
clotrimazole
ketoconazole
fluconazole

38
Q

most frequent antifuncal angent used in dentistry

A

imidazole

39
Q

amide or ester?

lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

amide

40
Q

amide or ester?

mepivacaine (Carbocaine)

A

amide

41
Q

amide or ester?

procaine (Novocaine)

A

ester

42
Q

amide or ester?

tetracaine (Pontocaine)

A

ester

43
Q

amide or ester?

prilocaine (Citanest)

A

amide

44
Q

amide or ester?

propoxycaine (Ravocaine)

A

ester

45
Q

amide or ester?

bupivacaine (Marcaine)

A

amide

46
Q

amides are not likely to cause allergic reactions. an additive that may trigger a reaction is

A

sodium metabisulfite

47
Q

most commonly used vasoconstrictor

A

epinephrine

48
Q

most commonly used topical anesthetic

A

benzocaine

49
Q

local anesthetic of choice when a long duration of action is required, eg. long dental procedure on post op pain is expected

A

bupivacaine

50
Q

used to proved some local anesthetic to a patient with a history of allergy to all local anesthetics

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

51
Q

makes local anesthetic solution isotonic

A

sodium chloride

52
Q

prevents bacteria from growing local anesthetic solution that is used repeatedly

A

methylparaben

53
Q

is a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions

A

epinephrine

54
Q

adjust the pH of local anesthetic solutions

A

sodium hydroxide

55
Q

acts as an antioxidant in local anesthetic solutions

A

sodium metabisulfite

56
Q

a patient is given extensive doses of a broad-spectrum antibiotic. a sequela that may develop is

A

black hairy tongue

57
Q

penicillin acts by interfering with the syntheisis of the

A

cell wall

58
Q

a pt with a history of which of the following may required antibiotic premedication before subgingival instrumentation

A

prosthetic cardiac valve
pervious infective endocarditis
congenital heart disease (CHD)

59
Q

which of the following drugs is used to tx infection with candida albicans

A

nystatin

60
Q

prophylactic antibiotic therapy is necessary for patients with the following conditions except

A

mitral valve prolapse
rheumatic heart disease
bicuspid valve disease
calcified aortic stenosis

61
Q

drugs used to tx hyperlipidemia

A

-statin

62
Q

most often used drug in dentistry

A

local anesthetic

63
Q

order of nerve function loss

A
  1. autonomic
  2. cold
  3. warmth
  4. pain
  5. touch
  6. pressure
  7. vibration
  8. proprioception
  9. motor
64
Q

ending of protease inhibitors

A

-vir (or -avir)

65
Q

ending of nucleoside analogs

A

-ine

66
Q

ending of nonnucleoside analogs

A

root of -vir-; ending in -ine

67
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
saquinavir

A

protease

68
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
didanosine

A

nucleoside

69
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
delavirdine

A

nonnucleoside

70
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
ritonavir

A

protease

71
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
zidovudine

A

nucleoside

72
Q

protease inhibitor, nucleoside analog, or nonnucleoside analog?
nevirapine

A

nonnucleoside

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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